{"id":9195,"date":"2023-03-18T19:11:52","date_gmt":"2023-03-18T12:11:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=9195"},"modified":"2023-03-18T19:23:28","modified_gmt":"2023-03-18T12:23:28","slug":"tran-chau-va-linh-dia-nhat-ban-truong-van-tan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/tran-chau-va-linh-dia-nhat-ban-truong-van-tan\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Linh \u0111\u1ecba Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n)"},"content":{"rendered":"

TR\u00c2N CH\u00c2U <\/span><\/span>v\u00e0<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/big><\/big><\/span><\/h1>\n

LINH \u0110\u1ecaA NH\u1eacT B\u1ea2N<\/big><\/big><\/span><\/h1>\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a TS Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam khi c\u1ee5 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f4 h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/em> nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u00f4\u0301ng co\u0300n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Theo c\u1ee5 Phan, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb vua quan va\u0300 gi\u01a1\u0301i nho ho\u0323c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1eafm th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1eafm con lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh bay cao m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 chim ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n h\u00f3a k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia suy s\u1ee5p, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i “l\u00ea l\u1ebft” v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u1eafm v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng xin d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c. Cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu ch\u0103ng? B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nano, <\/em>v\u00e0 L\u1ea1i l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u <\/em>c\u1ee7a anh tr\u00ean trang m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y). Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u272e\u272e\u272e<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii \u1edf ph\u00eda nam hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Osaka v\u00e0 Kyoto l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3o. T\u1eeb Tokyo t\u00f4i l\u00e1i xe d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tokaido (\u0110\u00f4ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o) r\u1ed3i re\u0303 v\u00e0o b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nagoya th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Yokka-ichi c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii. Yokka-ichi t\u1eebng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 v\u00e0 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng Yokka-ichi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f3i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea5p b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u t\u1eaft kh\u00f3i, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong xanh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf l\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1edd trong d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng trong veo nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 Tokaido nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7t c\u1eaft ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i hai mi\u1ec1n. Ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean Kansai bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Nagoya \u0111\u1ebfn Kyoto v\u00e0 Osaka nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t nh\u00ec v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. Mi\u1ec1n ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii ch\u1eadp ch\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai. C\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u1ea3nh quan nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i \u1ea7m \u0129 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y r\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u lung linh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. N\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i t\u1eadp trung \u1edf trung t\u00e2m b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ch\u1eafn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda nam b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o (t\u1ec9nh Wakayama ng\u00e0y nay) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f4 l\u1eadp t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt xem v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea3o” (h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f4 l\u1eadp) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e1c b\u0103ng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe h\u01a1i, m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1eebng, n\u00fai, bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch. N\u00fai ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi khe su\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra bi\u1ec3n, n\u00ean trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb “s\u01a1n kh\u00ea”. Nhi\u1ec1u khe su\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng giang d\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng Mekong m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e9t. N\u00fai r\u1eebng chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 90% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 13.000 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai v\u00e0 20.000 con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh Nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0\u00a0kawa\u00a0<\/i>(s\u00f4ng),\u00a0hama<\/i>\u00a0(b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n),\u00a0yama<\/i>\u00a0(n\u00fai),\u00a0oka<\/i>\u00a0(\u0111\u1ed3i),\u00a0mori<\/i>\u00a0(r\u1eebng),\u00a0shima<\/i>\u00a0(\u0111\u1ea3o).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m xuy\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n giao th\u00f4ng, \u0111em v\u0103n minh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c nam b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii. Khi \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai xe ph\u1ea3i xuy\u00ean qua h\u01a1n 20 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m d\u00e0i hun h\u00fat h\u01a1n 4 km, h\u1ea7m ng\u1eafn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u00e9t n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 100 km. Gi\u1eefa hai h\u00f2n n\u00fai th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea3y ngang m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n y\u00ean t\u0129nh m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c v\u1edbi n\u00fai r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i ngang d\u1ecdc h\u01a1n 1500 km tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Toba, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ise, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Koyasan v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, t\u00f4i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Linh \u0111\u1ecba”. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i mang m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00fac th\u00ec h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdc trai \u1edf Toba, l\u00fac th\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn linh \u0111\u1ecba Koyasan, l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u1ee9c x\u00fac quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan h\u00f9ng v\u0129. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i lang thang \u0111i qua \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u x\u00fac c\u1ea3m m\u00eanh mang trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n lang thang ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n theo nh\u1ecbp dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f9y h\u1ee9ng vui bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con tim.<\/p>\n

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\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u Toba<\/big><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Toba v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ise. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m h\u00f9m Ise n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i h\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch ng\u1ecdc trai. B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecbnh h\u1eb9p ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, quanh n\u0103m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a, \u00edt gi\u00f3 to s\u00f3ng d\u1eef, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n trong xanh. Ng\u1ecdc trai c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u” l\u00e0 m\u00f3n trang s\u1ee9c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u00ea m\u1ec7t ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf m\u1ecdi giai c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n, trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Cleopatra \u0111\u1ebfn Elizabeth II. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ng\u1ecdc trai ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c cho tr\u1eddi trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con h\u00e0u th\u00ec ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd cho ra nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc tr\u00f2n hay nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/i><\/p>\n

Trong l\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con v\u1ecbnh h\u1eb9p ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o
\nc\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i h\u00e0u c\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdc. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

Mikimoto Kokichi sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1ea1i Toba v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 (th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdc trai. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n m\u00ec\u00a0udon<\/i>\u00a0ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u00a0ama<\/i>\u00a0(h\u1ea3i n\u1eef), nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eb7n b\u1eaft h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, ng\u1ecdc trai theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Toba. Khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc trai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng x\u1ea5u x\u00ed \u00f4ng n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m ra vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc trai tr\u00f2n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdc trai h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u sau 12 n\u0103m m\u00e0y m\u00f2 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdc trai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con h\u00e0u m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u00e0m “nh\u00e2n” nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n. Khi d\u1ecb v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con h\u00e0u th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean v\u1eadt n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp xa c\u1eeb (nacre) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong l\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n hay s\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 con h\u00e0u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1t xa c\u1eeb!<\/p>\n

Xa c\u1eeb ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u00ean ph\u1ea5n vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon. Con h\u00e0u “th\u00f4ng minh” bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp xa c\u1eeb c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano, trong khi vi\u00ean ph\u1ea5n do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat b\u1eddi r\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp xa c\u1eeb c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 n\u1ec1, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch nano canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t protein nh\u01b0 xi m\u0103ng. L\u1edbp t\u01b0\u1eddng nano n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng 3000 l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea5n. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a xa c\u1eeb s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp xa c\u1eeb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u1ecdc trai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u xanh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ch\u00e1n n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ng\u1ecdc trai nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng hay m\u00e0u x\u00e1m \u0111en. Con h\u00e0u s\u00f4ng cho m\u00e0u ng\u1ecdc trai kh\u00e1c con h\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u00e0u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c h\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng kia. Ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9a trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con h\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n cho ra nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdc trai v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00edch ng\u1ecdc trai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng chi tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con h\u00e0u, con trai, b\u00e0o ng\u01b0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Mikimoto; m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ty Mikimoto tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n 50%. N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth II n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh t\u1eebng l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Toba nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebfng x\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1ecdc trai Mikimoto. Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u Mikimoto t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Toba, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00ec, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng t\u1eeb plastic? T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0“C\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng plastic l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a con h\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u00f4ng Mississippi t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u hay c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau”<\/i>,\u00a0“T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0u Mississippy?”<\/i>, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n,\u00a0“T\u1ea1i v\u00ec con h\u00e0u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ecf d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0u”<\/i>. B\u1ec1 d\u00e0y v\u1ecf h\u00e0u s\u00f4ng Mississippi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 15 mm v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ng\u1ecdc trai. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng v\u1ecf con h\u00e0u M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho con h\u00e0u Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp xa c\u1eeb t\u1ea1o ra ng\u1ecdc trai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 “xanh” (green technology) v\u1eeba m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con b\u00e0o ng\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp xa c\u1eeb (mother-of-pearl) nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “xanh” v\u00ec nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n “\u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i”. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp xa c\u1eeb v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc (bio-compatibility) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i plastic t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 cung c\u1ee7a con h\u00e0u v\u1ecf d\u00e0y s\u00f4ng Mississippi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7u, chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 h\u1ecfi c\u00f4 chuy\u00ean gia, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 plastic th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ty Mikimoto \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf? C\u00f4 ta nhoe\u0309n mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean, n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf\u00a0“B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ty!”<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ecdc trai th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong con h\u00e0u,
\nm\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc trai.
\nM\u1eabu trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/p>\n\"\"\n

Ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng 13.000 h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc trai \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y
\ntrong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 $10 USD,
\nth\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 $130.000 USD. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

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Linh \u0111\u1ecba Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: Ise v\u00e0 Koyasan<\/b><\/big><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n x\u00e3\/th\u1ea7n cung (\u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd th\u1ea7n theo Shinto (Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o). “Th\u1ea7n” c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a “\u0111a th\u1ea7n” mang t\u00ednh b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a thu\u1edf hoang s\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1ea7n c\u00e2y, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1, th\u1ea7n su\u1ed1i v.v\u2026 Th\u1ea7n x\u00e3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb nam ch\u00ed b\u0103\u0301c. N\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c Nh\u1eadt th\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh thi \u0111\u1ed7, ban h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i, ban s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn l\u00e0m \u0103n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, giao th\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i) c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “th\u1ea7n”, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfn tranh trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 2 nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tojo Hideki b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng minh treo c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “\u00e1 th\u1ea7n” trong Yasukuni Jinja (T\u0129nh qu\u1ed1c Th\u1ea7n x\u00e3).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Toba 20 km l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ise. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n cung Ise, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 125 \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 5000 hecta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng cao v\u00fat c\u00f3 s\u00f4\u0301 tu\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Khi \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3i c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u1ea7u Uji b\u1eaft ngang d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Isuzu. Khi ra v\u1ec1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i quay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gia\u0303. Con s\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1n linh thi\u00eang. Trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Th\u1ea7n cung Ise c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n cung ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 1500 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Naiku (N\u1ed9i cung). Th\u1ea7n cung n\u00e0y th\u1edd v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh thi\u00eang nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea7n n\u1eef (Amaterasu-Omikami). G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Th\u1ea7n cung” nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i ba gian l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i tranh. N\u00f3 linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh. Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o tin r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 sinh c\u00f3 t\u1eed, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1i m\u1edbi thay c\u00e1i c\u0169. Cho n\u00ean, n\u01a1i th\u1edd Th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea7n n\u1eef t\u1eeb x\u01b0a c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i 20 n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u Uji. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac linh thi\u00eang nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 20 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi. C\u0169ng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y Th\u1ea7n cung Ise kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho danh hi\u1ec7u Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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C\u1ed5ng “Th\u1ea7n cung”, b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd
\nTh\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea7n n\u1eef. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea7n n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i 20 n\u0103m.
\n(Ngu\u1ed3n: Wikipedia)<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Koyasan (Cao D\u00e3 S\u01a1n) c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ise kho\u1ea3ng 100 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chim bay. Koyasan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cao nguy\u00ean cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n 800 m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb Ise \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o xuy\u00ean qua r\u1eebng n\u00fai um t\u00f9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yoshino Kumano. C\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi Koyasan. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng do \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i l\u1eadp ra 1200 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i sinh n\u0103m 774 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nara trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1eddi M\u1ea1t \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c [1]. H\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tam T\u1ea1ng Tr\u1ea7n Huy\u1ec1n Trang sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ec9nh kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 kinh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n (Sanskrit) sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n. Ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3n xa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c du h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o. H\u1ecd m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u v\u0103n t\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac tu h\u1ecdc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. Th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam 3 v\u1ea1n t\u1eeb m\u1edbi l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u H\u00e1n t\u1ef1. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi v\u0103n Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng suy y\u1ebfu trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u1ea4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Giao Ch\u00e2u (Vi\u1ec7t Nam) tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 \u1ea4n \u2013 Trung k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a B\u00e1ch gia Ch\u01b0 t\u1eed c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111a\u0303 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. S\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh chim \u0111\u1eadu; s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i gian nan \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t thi\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00ecm Ph\u1eadt [2]. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 d\u00f9 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng; c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c giao l\u01b0u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1ng h\u1eadu trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u00e0o t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadu l\u00e0m quan trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. N\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi con ch\u00e1u quy\u0301 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ra l\u00e0m quan. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc” l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Kh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p quan l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u1eady tinh th\u00f4ng H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Nho gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai n\u0103m t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc v\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t gia n\u0103m 20 tu\u1ed5i (793) l\u1ea5y ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. N\u0103m 24 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u tay “Tam gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 quy” ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong Nho, \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n. B\u1ed9 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng), c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00ean quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c du h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 30 tu\u1ed5i Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i \u0111i theo thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u00f3a, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 l\u00e0 mang c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt. \u0110o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m 4 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u1ed1i Tr\u1eebng c\u0169ng sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c du h\u1ecdc. So v\u1edbi s\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Tr\u1eebng, Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2. Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt, T\u1ed1i Tr\u1eebng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 l\u1eadp ra Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven theo b\u1edd t\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean r\u1ed3i b\u0103ng ngang bi\u00ea\u0309n Hoa\u0300ng ha\u0309i c\u0103\u0323p b\u00ea\u0301n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 x\u00edch m\u00edch ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi x\u1ee9 T\u00e2n La (Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay) n\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam b\u0103ng qua bi\u1ec3n l\u01a1\u0301n Hoa \u0111\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3. Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng may \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n. Chi\u1ebfc th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 b\u1eb7t v\u00f4 \u00e2m t\u00edn. Chi\u1ebfc th\u1ee9 ba quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt. Chi\u1ebfc th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1edf s\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Tr\u1eebng tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t v\u00e0o Minh Ch\u00e2u (Ninh Ba, ph\u00eda nam Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y nay). Chi\u1ebfc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1edf v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9, t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n 3 th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u, t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf T\u1ed1i Tr\u1eebng v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ebd ra sao? Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh le\u0309, quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng quen ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Khi thuy\u1ec1n c\u1eb7p b\u1ebfn Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch s\u1edf t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00ean b\u1edd v\u00ec nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c. C\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01a1 x\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00ec tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u0103m he b\u1ecf t\u00f9. Khi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 k\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi th\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1ch v\u1edbi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 trong thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng s\u0129 “v\u00f4 danh” nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n hay ch\u1eef t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 nh\u1edd Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c “Th\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0” th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra thi th\u1ed1. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft theo l\u1ed1i bi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabu Trung Hoa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng\u00a0“nh\u1edd \u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf n\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec7n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u2026”<\/i>\u00a0ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 r\u1ed3ng bay v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t \u00f4ng quan nh\u1eadn ngay ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ph\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c”, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An (T\u00e2y An ng\u00e0y nay) c\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u g\u1ea7n 2000 km. N\u1ed9i dung b\u1ee9c “Th\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0” v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Khi Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 “Thi\u0323nh th\u1ebf” nh\u01b0ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u01a1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3. Hu\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o uy\u00ean th\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. S\u01b0 B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, d\u1ecbch kinh M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Khi Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p Hu\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u01b0 B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Sau 2 n\u0103m du h\u1ecdc, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp thu Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 khuy\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, Hu\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. V\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n thi v\u0103n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng Saga \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. G\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Koyasan \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp cho Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i m\u00f4n. Ba ch\u1eef H\u00e1n “Cao D\u00e3 S\u01a1n” (Koyasan) treo tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 b\u00fat t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i. Koyasan l\u00fac x\u01b0a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e2m s\u01a1n c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1c, r\u1eebng linh n\u00fai thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Koyasan c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e2m s\u01a1n c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1c c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. L\u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng cao v\u00fat xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n l\u00e1 phong \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i mi\u1ebfu nh\u1ecf, ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p cao cao, c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u g\u1ed7 s\u01a1n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf cam ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng trong tia n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 chi\u1ec1u thu. \u0110\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng ch\u00f9a ng\u00e2n vang t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y r\u00f3c r\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n su\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc len l\u1ecfi trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 thu v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian tho\u1ea3ng m\u00f9i thi\u1ec1n. Koyasan l\u00e0 n\u01a1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed xa x\u01b0a trong m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

\u0110\u1ea1i m\u00f4n “Cao D\u00e3 S\u01a1n” v\u1edbi b\u00fat t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

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Trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Koyasan trong bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u thu \u00eam \u1ea3. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ea1i th\u00e1p n\u01a1i tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o
\ndo Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i l\u1eadp n\u00ean t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Koyasan. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi ng\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1eddn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i ki\u1ec3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9a c\u1eaft t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 t\u1eeb xa tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ecf. D\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 Ph\u00f9 Tang nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1\u00a0koi<\/i>\u00a0ng\u1ee5p l\u1eb7n trong h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1i h\u00e0nh lang g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n hoa sen l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111en treo d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1i hi\u00ean ch\u00f9a \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a trong l\u00e0n gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c trong ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ed5. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn 120 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Koyasan c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9p: tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e1 t\u00fac nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eef qu\u00e1n (ryokan<\/i>). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n cao nh\u01b0 Koyasan, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a ch\u1ec9nh trang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch th\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. “Ng\u1ee7 ch\u00f9a” (shukubo<\/i>) c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o cho ch\u00f9a ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef. Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eef qu\u00e1n “th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c” cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng (onsen<\/i>), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i \u00e2n c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec7n nghi. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1eef qu\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n chay v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb 6 gi\u1edd l\u00e0 gi\u1edd t\u1ee5ng kinh 1 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tham gia. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n “chay gi\u1ea3 m\u1eb7n” m\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n chay kh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t. M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 loanh quanh v\u00e0i m\u00f3n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m chua kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e0 ph\u00e1o, n\u1ea5m, khoai, g\u1eebng cay \u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecf, s\u00fap \u0111\u1eadu h\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi v\u00e0i kho\u1ea3nh c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0i mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eadu h\u1ee7, h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y s\u1eafc m\u1ecfng. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfu\u00a0tatami<\/i>, l\u00fac \u0103n ph\u1ea3i khom ng\u01b0\u1eddi khoanh ch\u00e2n trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n. C\u1ea3 ph\u00f2ng \u0103n c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 10 th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng T\u00e2y b\u00e0 T\u00e2y ng\u1ed3i \u0103n im l\u00ecm, ch\u1ec9 nghe ti\u1ebfng khua c\u1ee7a ch\u00e9n \u0111\u0129a. M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu th\u00edch nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 “m\u1eb7n m\u00e0” th\u00ec ng\u1ed3i \u0103n chay ki\u1ec3u Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c “kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh”, e r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u0169 m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9!<\/p>\n

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Bu\u1ed5i c\u01a1m t\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Koyasan v\u00e0i c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Oku-no-In (Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba). N\u0103m \u00f4ng 62 tu\u1ed5i, Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n mi\u00ean vi\u1ec5n trong m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng mi\u1ebfu (L\u0103ng Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i) th\u1edd \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Oku-no-In. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u0103ng mi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p d\u00e0i 2 km xuy\u00ean qua Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y um t\u00f9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n tro c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Phi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 (L\u00e3nh ch\u00faa), chi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng, cao t\u0103ng, v\u0103n thi h\u00e0o, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1eebng danh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Nara (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8). Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ch\u1ea1m th\u00e0nh 5 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho “ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1i”: \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong (gi\u00f3) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 bia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 bia b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat l\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 to\u00e1t ra ve\u0309 \u0111\u1eb9p uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

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Tro c\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9 x\u00e2y b\u1edfi 5 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau
\n(kh\u1ed1i, c\u1ea7u, th\u00e1p b\u1ed1n c\u1ea1nh, tr\u1ee5) t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho: \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.
\nHai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf m\u1eb7c \u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat l\u00f4ng. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

“Ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1i” c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 “t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i” theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1: \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong. Sau \u0111\u00f3, “t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 “kh\u00f4ng” v\u00ec theo kinh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec “t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i” \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng”. T\u00f4i xin t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft “t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i” v\u1edbi “kh\u00f4ng” r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u1eadp khi\u1ec5ng khi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u00f4gic c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00ec “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng” hay “kh\u00f4ng gian”, kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. “Kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 “t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng” “v\u00f4 ng\u00e3” h\u00e0m \u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng – s\u1eafc;\u00a0“kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng”<\/i>. Trong “kh\u00f4ng” ch\u1ee9a “s\u1eafc” v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. “S\u1eafc” l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi “t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i”. Trong khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u00f3ng – h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. “S\u00f3ng” c\u00f3 th\u1ebf xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng”; “h\u1ea1t” nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “s\u1eafc”. L\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh “kh\u00f4ng \u2013 s\u1eafc” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, t\u1eeb t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0129 m\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u00f3ng – h\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. L\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u00f3ng \u2013 h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u2013 s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, c\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m linh h\u1ed3n, t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 suy lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian theo s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, trong khi khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/i>; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/i>. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, mang t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (reproducibility). Kinh nghi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 quan. So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong t\u01b0 duy Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u00f4i nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh b\u00e0n v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i>\u00a0(\u76f8<\/b>). M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 “t\u01b0\u1edbng”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng. Khi ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec\u00a0t\u00e2m<\/i>\u00a0(\u5fc3<\/b>) c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ebd n\u1eafm b\u1eaft\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 cho ta\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i>\u00a0(\u60f3<\/b>) (\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u1eef “t\u01b0\u1edfng” do hai\u00a0<\/i>ch\u1eef “t\u00e2m” v\u00e0 “t\u01b0\u1edbng” g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i (\u76f8<\/b>+\u5fc3\u00a0<\/b>=\u00a0\u60f3<\/b>). Th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1. Khi c\u00f3\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i khi\u1ebfn ta “t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eady” m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u1ee7 quan. Cho n\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, quan s\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t “t\u01b0\u1edbng” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng “t\u01b0\u1edbng” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady”. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00eam v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 “th\u1ee9c” (\u00fd th\u1ee9c) t\u1ea1o n\u00ean “l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i”: \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong, kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft dung h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean, tinh th\u1ea7n ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ung dung t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0“Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e0m nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0”<\/i>, Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o (ng\u01b0\u1eddi) ph\u00e0m, ph\u00e0m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt h\u00f2a nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ec3 “ph\u00e0m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt”, M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i “kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh” m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, con tim s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i bi s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. T\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “nh\u00e2n” ph\u00e1t sinh t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 “c\u0103n” r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, “gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9” l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 “gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9” [1], t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Hiro Sachiya k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00e2\u0309u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u00d4ng b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0“Anh Hiro, ch\u1eafc anh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Buddha”. “\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady”<\/i>. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp,\u00a0“V\u00e0 anh c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y sao cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u00e0nh Buddha”. “\u0110\u00fang lu\u00f4n”. “Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m tu h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Buddha?”.<\/i>\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Hiro mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00ean ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1,\u00a0“\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Buddha ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. Hmmm\u2026\u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u \u1ee9c b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n n\u0103m!”.<\/i>\u00a0\u00d4ng b\u1ea1n m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i,\u00a0“Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 anh Hiro \u00e0, m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u “buddha” \u0111\u1ea5y”.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Hiro nghe xong h\u01a1i b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb linh thi\u00eang “buddha” sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a “buddha” trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n th\u00ec \u00f4ng v\u1edf l\u1ebd. “Buddha” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “m\u1edf m\u1eaft” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 “Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0”. M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng sau gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i “ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0”, m\u1edf m\u1eaft t\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea5c. Trong ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, sau c\u01a1n m\u00ea th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ta “buddha”. Ta “gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9” b\u1edfi “ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0”.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Oku-no-In c\u00f3 200.000 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng cho ta c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00e2m u ma qu\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a trang b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ta v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch s\u1eed h\u01b0ng ph\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt di\u1ec5n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang nga\u0309, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u00eau phong tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o bia \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edd theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i t\u0103ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng lao t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Tokugawa c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Edo h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n 270 n\u0103m, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1p bia c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, xa xa l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m bia t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng oan h\u1ed3n t\u1eed s\u0129 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Tri\u1ec1u \u2013 Nh\u1eadt (1597) do T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Toyotomi Hideyoshi pha\u0301t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng. Ti\u1ebfng v\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a, ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed5n r\u1ea3ng g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n; ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i d\u00e2n ca vang l\u00ean trong l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i\u00a0matsuri<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ea7u m\u01b0a thu\u1eadn gi\u00f3 h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f9i xa v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1 s\u1eebng s\u1eefng v\u00f4 t\u01b0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

N\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn L\u0103ng Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i, t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Oda Nobunaga. C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Hai anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Chi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c nh\u01b0 Quang Trung Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o. Oda t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Toyotomi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 trung t\u00edn t\u00e0i ba t\u1eebng \u00f4m d\u00e9p Oda v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m cho \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Oda trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 bu\u1ed1t. Khi Oda g\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng may trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 t\u1eadp k\u00edch b\u01b0\u0301c t\u1eed \u00f4ng. Toyotomi nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t k\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3n ph\u00fac r\u1ed3i thay Oda l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng quy thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Toyotomi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u00e0i ba, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea3n doanh \u1edf th\u00e0nh Osaka th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u00f4ng d\u1ecda d\u1eabm Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Minh Qu\u1ed1c (nh\u00e0 Minh, Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Ph\u00eda nam \u00f4ng th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 L\u1eef T\u1ed1ng (\u0111\u1ea3o Luzon, Philippines). M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Toyotomi c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean (1597) [3].<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Oda Nobunaga. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Toyotomi Hideyoshi. (\u1ea2nh: Truong)<\/i><\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 400 n\u0103m sau, hai anh h\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nhau trong Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Oku-no-In. M\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Oda Nobunaga nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm 2 m2<\/sup>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c Toyotomi kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 15 m2<\/sup>. Hai m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed1c th\u1ebfch, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m, kh\u00f4ng b\u00f4ng hoa, h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e8n \u0111u\u1ed1c lung linh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Oku-no-In c\u00f3 khu \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 h\u00e3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea UCC l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c CEO c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng xe Nissan, c\u00f4ng ty Panasonic v.v\u2026 C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a t\u1ea1i Koyasan, Oku-no-In c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thu nh\u1eadp cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. S\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng (hono<\/i>, ph\u1ee5ng n\u1ea1p) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i chi tr\u1ea3 \u1edf Los Angeles, New York hay Paris.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u00e1i m\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u0300 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u00d4ng \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chung vai s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n d\u1ef1ng bia k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ca dao t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u0103n hay \u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p. Trong t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e2u,\u00a0“Kobo fude ebarazu”<\/i>\u00a0(<\/b>\u5f18\u6cd5\u7b46\u3092\u9078\u3070\u305a<\/b>)<\/b>. “Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn b\u00fat”, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi th\u00ec trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t”. M\u1ed9t t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c l\u00e0\u00a0“Kobo nimo fude no ayamari”<\/i>\u00a0(<\/b>\u5f18\u6cd5\u306b\u3082\u7b46\u306e\u8aa4<\/b>),<\/b>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a “\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng c\u00f2n sai”. \u00dd n\u00f3i d\u00f9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac sai.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb “v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n” kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin hay c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng khi k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n cung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n d\u00f9 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 danh t\u00ednh ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Khi l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi, tro c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang t\u1edbi ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau tho\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00f5i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tinh th\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n”. H\u1ecd khi\u00eam cung l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00fam n\u00fam r\u1ee5t r\u00e8. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n t\u00ecm cho nhau m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ee9c n\u1edf t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u hay “b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c”, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong tinh th\u1ea7n\u00a0kaizen<\/i>\u00a0(c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/b><\/big><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y, Mikimoto Kokichi v\u00e0 Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch nhau h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Mikimoto Kokichi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 12 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n\u00a0kaizen<\/i>\u00a0v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong huy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. Mikimoto Kokichi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Yamaba Torakusu (Yamaha) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi Matsushita Konosuke (Panasonic), Honda Soichiro (Honda) v\u00e0 Morita Akio (Sony). H\u1ecd h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau. \u00d4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1eabn con l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111a th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m qua, Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 song h\u00e0nh theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u1eef “H\u00f2a” trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, khi Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Koyasan \u00f4ng c\u0169ng d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00ea t\u00edn th\u1ea7n linh hay ch\u0103ng? \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sinh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 “m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i” tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, v\u1eady b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u00ea t\u00edn. \u00d4ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef “H\u00f2a” l\u1eadp \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. T\u1eeb h\u1eadu b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y c\u1ecf b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y r\u1eebng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng cho n\u00fai r\u1eebng c\u00f2n xanh l\u00e1, cho th\u00fa r\u1eebng quay v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1n c\u0169, cho chim mu\u00f4ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. L\u00e1i xe ngang d\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Kii t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e8o d\u1ecdc theo tri\u1ec1n n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai h\u00f9ng v\u0129 xanh r\u00ec bao quanh c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng b\u1ea1t ng\u00e0n, t\u00f4i th\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt. \u1ede Singapore, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd t\u1eebng t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ban cho. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00e0i “m\u1ea3nh” r\u1eebng nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng to h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “jungle”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi chi\u00eau b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n du l\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc. H\u1ecd x\u1ebb ch\u00fang ra t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c khu du l\u1ecbch to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n 5 sao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i nh\u00e1i ki\u1ec3u Disneyland v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n, l\u1eadp l\u00f2e \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u1ed3n \u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 show di\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam, x\u00e2y h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3u T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o l\u00e0 “b\u00e1u v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0” h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n mua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1edbn. C\u00e1c khu du l\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o. S\u01b0\u0323 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft. Khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p th\u00ec n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c d\u1eadt d\u1edd ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 theo quy lu\u1eadt b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n “hoang d\u00e3” nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb m\u1ef9 mi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a”.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n<\/big><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng H\u1ea1
\n12 th\u00e1ng 2 2023<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/big><\/em><\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0“Kukai to Mikkyo”<\/i>\u00a0(Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o) c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Hiro Sachiya (nxb Shodensha, 2015).<\/p>\n

2. https:\/\/www.erct.com\/2-ThoVan\/NNT\/Chin-Shun-Shin-TNTK.htm<\/p>\n

3. https:\/\/www.diendan.org\/sang-tac\/tap-cam-cua-mot-chuyen-di-nhat<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TR\u00c2N CH\u00c2U v\u00e0 LINH \u0110\u1ecaA NH\u1eacT B\u1ea2N Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n Xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a TS Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam khi c\u1ee5 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f4 h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9195"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9330,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9195\/revisions\/9330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}