{"id":1109,"date":"2018-05-14T02:39:08","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T01:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2018\/05\/14\/phong-van-phan-dinh-dieu-dien-dan-forum\/"},"modified":"2018-06-13T12:56:56","modified_gmt":"2018-06-13T11:56:56","slug":"phong-van-phan-dinh-dieu-dien-dan-forum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2018\/05\/14\/phong-van-phan-dinh-dieu-dien-dan-forum\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u \u2014 Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Forum"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/b><\/big><\/h1>\n

Stein T\u00d8NNESSON<\/b><\/big><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 <\/span>Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n<\/i><\/b> <\/i>\u0111\u0103ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/span>Nordic Newsletter of Asian Studies<\/i><\/b> <\/i>(s\u1ed1 2, n\u0103m 1993, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Copenhagen, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Na Uy, \u00f4ng Stein T\u00f8nnesson, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <\/span>S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng 1946 <\/span><\/i>b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u0103m 1982 t\u1ea1i Oslo (b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: <\/span>\u201c 1946: D\u00e9clenchement de la guerre d\u2019Indochine\u201d,<\/i> <\/span>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n L’Harmattan, Paris 1987).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9.1992 t\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00f4 (ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u00f9a thu 1992 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean <\/span>Reuter <\/span><\/i>v\u00e0 <\/span>Far Eastern & Economic Review,<\/i>song c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n <\/span>\u201cKi\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p\u201d<\/i> <\/span>(m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 1991, xem <\/span>\u0110o\u00e0n K\u1ebft<\/i><\/b> <\/span>s\u1ed1 434, 5.1991).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n nh\u1edb sau khi b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nh\u00e0 v\u0103n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thu H\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft (th\u00e1ng 4.1991), Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng an theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u00edt ai d\u00e1m t\u1edbi th\u0103m nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8.1991, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed7 M\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00ea, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c phong to\u1ea3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10.1991 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ba l\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u v\u1eeba qua t\u1edbi th\u0103m nh\u00e0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng g\u00e2n g\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin, d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quan. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, c\u1ea7n m\u1edf d\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Stein T\u00d8NNESSON<\/b> <\/span>: <\/span>N\u0103m 1982, \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o nhan <\/span><\/i>\u0111\u1ec1 \u201c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u201d. Nay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ?<\/i><\/p>\n

Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u<\/b>: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebft tha v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00ea kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, thuy\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c-L\u00ea x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, Marx v\u00e0 Lenin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Song \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00ea<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kinh <\/span><\/i>t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c ra Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a r\u1ed3i.<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: N\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi. Ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh <\/span><\/i>tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m<\/i> <\/span>\u00c1 ch\u00e2u <\/span>v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 <\/span><\/i>T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng?<\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. V\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea7u ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1ea7u c\u1eed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do, b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu k\u00edn, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ra \u1ee9ng c\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam: t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng [t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Na Uy, <\/span>ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch], <\/span><\/i>hay \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c Hoa K\u1ef3. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea7u c\u1eed: c\u1eed tri c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a hay kh\u00f4ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u00e2n \u00fd t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u? Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c media, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p v\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch<\/i>\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, hai \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>\u00d4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/span><\/i>x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n ch\u0103ng?<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: V\u00e2ng, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3; b\u1edfi v\u1eady t\u00f4i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i hai \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7. Trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai nh\u00e1nh (ti\u1ebfng Anh <\/span>bipartite <\/span><\/i>c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai b\u00ean, hai \u0111\u1ea3ng). Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng qu\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u2013 tr\u1eeb phi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft chung quanh hai c\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 hay \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh xem ra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0. C\u00f2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/span>t\u0129nh.<\/i> <\/i>C\u00f2n s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/span>\u0111\u1ed9ng, <\/span><\/i>h\u00e0m \u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c\u201d. Xin hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c theo ngh\u0129a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebf<\/i>n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u.<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: S\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3ng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng theo \u00fd t\u00f4i, 1987 v\u00e0 1988 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Trong hai n\u0103m \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb d\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u00e1o ch\u00ed t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o tham nh\u0169ng, l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n.<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3ng, cho d\u00f9 \u1edf c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n. Tham nh\u0169ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00ec tham nh\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung. Tham nh\u0169ng chung quy c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 \u1edf quy m\u00f4. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0103n hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho tham nh\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eadp trung, s\u1ef1 tham nh\u0169ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch d\u00f2ng <\/span>(deflected) <\/span><\/i>v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf. Trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, do kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ho\u1eb7c \u00edt gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) b\u00ed m\u1eadt, n\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 tham nh\u0169ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng (ho\u1eb7c \u00edt) d\u00e1m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c truy t\u1ed1. C\u00f2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1i n\u1ea1n \u1ea5y c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 bu\u00f4n \u0111i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i, song song t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt cao \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1eeba qua c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 ho\u00e1 gi\u00e1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, v\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1eadt cao, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch, song ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1edd \u0111i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng <\/i>cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 tham nh\u0169ng trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n <\/span><\/i>\u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7: \u00f4ng c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c\u201d, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ef1c kia, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay trong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u [th\u00e1ng 7.1992]. Cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa <\/i>v\u00e0i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u1ef1a ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kho\u1ea3ng 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u1ee9ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t c\u1eed. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u kho\u00e1 n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n kho\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u1eb1n ranh do \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u1ea1ch ra.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u<\/i>? V\u00e0o gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c? Trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eeba qua, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3?<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi: tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ai? \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp hay c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i t\u1edbi l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c. Trong l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ecb c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1eadt ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0… v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea3ng ngh\u0129 h\u1ed9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00dd th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi tham gia ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n g\u1ee5i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1edfi s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u00f4ng bi quan<\/i>? <\/span>Hay \u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/i>?<\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: T\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, song t\u00f4i v\u1eabn hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng ai suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. Theo t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t, m\u1eb7t c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1eef m\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c<\/i>?<\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

ST<\/b>: <\/span>\u00d4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng<\/i>? <\/span>Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 Sakharov c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>?<\/p>\n

P\u0110D<\/b>: Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng (ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). Song, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tham gia vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 tham gia vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Stein T\u00d8NNESSON<\/b><\/h3>\n

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Sinh n\u0103m 1937 (gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103m 1936) t\u1ea1i Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh (d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng), Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u theo h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do khu 4. T\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa to\u00e1n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 1962, sang h\u1ecdc \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4. N\u0103m 1967, v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1977 \u0111\u1ebfn 1985, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch Trung t\u00e2m tin h\u1ecdc. Hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd gia nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3), song \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong hai kho\u00e1 (1974- 1981). S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e2n c\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sau khi Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5 \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i: <\/span>\u00f4ng L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i <\/span><\/i>h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c!<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/www.diendan.org\/tai-lieu\/bao-cu\/so-020\/phong-van-pdd<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7u\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Stein T\u00d8NNESSON   B\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n \u0111\u0103ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nordic Newsletter of Asian Studies (s\u1ed1 2, n\u0103m 1993, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[32,31],"tags":[781,776,702],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8jhJx-hT","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1109"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1109\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}