{"id":1110,"date":"2018-05-14T02:59:10","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T01:59:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2018\/05\/14\/jose-antonio-abreu-mot-doi-vi-giao-duc-am-nhac\/"},"modified":"2018-06-13T12:56:27","modified_gmt":"2018-06-13T11:56:27","slug":"jose-antonio-abreu-mot-doi-vi-giao-duc-am-nhac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2018\/05\/14\/jose-antonio-abreu-mot-doi-vi-giao-duc-am-nhac\/","title":{"rendered":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Abreu: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

\u201cKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tinh hoa trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 – nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. (Jos\u00e9 Antonio Abreu)<\/span>
\n—<\/p>\n

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12\/05\/2018 15:00<\/span> <\/span>–<\/a><\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Antonio Abreu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i El Sistema \u1edf Venezuela v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi 50 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D\u00f9 mang nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201c\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d \u2013 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Abreu.<\/p>\n

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\u00d4ng m\u1edbi qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 24\/3\/2018 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 70 t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Caracas, Venezuela sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. Qu\u1ef9 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar (Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar Musical Foundation), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh El Sistema \u1edf kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Venezuela, \u0111\u00e3 loan b\u00e1o th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y.
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cm\u1ea5t m\u00e1t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Venezuela Ernesto Villegas, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tr\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Twitter c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cTh\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y Jos\u00e9 A. Abreu, ng\u00f4i sao n\u0103m c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc 1, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft\u201d, c\u00f2n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nicol\u00e1s Maduro b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c: \u201cMaestro Abreu si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Abreu, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Venezuela \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c tang \u00f4ng ba ng\u00e0y.
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Jos\u00e9 Antonio Abreu l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh El Sistema. \u1ea2nh: el-carabobeno.com<\/span><\/em>

Trao \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho tr\u1ebb em ngh\u00e8o<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng Abreu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, khi h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 piano, organ nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t –  n\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.
V\u00ec v\u1eady v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, Abreu \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp El Sistema v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201ct\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c em th\u1ea5y, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00f9ng nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng\u201d, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c DW v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010.
Khi \u00f4ng Abreu th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp El Sistema, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cnh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1edbn\u201d trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u1eabn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Venezuela. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a El Sistema l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u201cV\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 trao \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o\u201d, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi New York Times v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007. \u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i Mozart. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung \u2018quy\u1ec1n\u2019 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Mozart v\u00e0 Beethoven v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? Th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a chung m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.
Ch\u01b0a khi n\u00e0o Abreu r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ra ngo\u00e0i. Trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb 50 gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 100 em t\u1edbi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 11 em tham gia. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m lay chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi BBC, \u00f4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb n\u00e0y, \u201cch\u00fang quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u ngay ra r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd t\u1edbi\u201d.
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\u00d4ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ea2nh: New York Times<\/span><\/em>
Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 11 em \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tham gia, sau 44 n\u0103m, El Sistema \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 d\u00e0n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng. G\u1ea7n 450 trung t\u00e2m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00facleos, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean 24 bang, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u01a1n 780.000 tr\u1ebb em t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea1c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 10.000 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean\u201d (Tocar y Luchar) \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u00facleos n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u201ctranh \u0111\u1ea5u\u201d v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o.  
Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a El Sistema l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra – d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi m\u1edf m\u00e0n m\u00f9a di\u1ec5n \u1edf Carnegie Hall hay ch\u01a1i cho Salzburg Festival, Lucerne Festival, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gustavo Dudamel \u2013 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c Los Angeles Philharmonic v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1edf El Sistema, nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng Dudamel k\u1ec3 \u201c\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o \u1edf Venezuela\u2026 Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u201cEl Sistema l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 El Sistema.\u201d
N\u0103m 2010, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c DW h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a El Sistema, Abreu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cTh\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y; th\u1ee9 hai m\u1ed7i nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; th\u1ee9 ba, m\u1ed9t khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Anh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ed3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d.<\/p>\n