{"id":1714,"date":"2019-03-13T11:33:12","date_gmt":"2019-03-13T10:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/?p=1714"},"modified":"2019-03-13T11:37:59","modified_gmt":"2019-03-13T10:37:59","slug":"muoi-mot-lac-thu-cua-dich-thuat-len-dong-xuong-doai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2019\/03\/13\/muoi-mot-lac-thu-cua-dich-thuat-len-dong-xuong-doai\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1c th\u00fa c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt | l\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lydia Davis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1<\/strong> <\/a>d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i n\u1ebfm r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u1edf Beaune, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf v\u00f9ng Burgundy, ph\u00eda nam Dijon. Trong bu\u1ed5i n\u1ebfm r\u01b0\u1ee3u, c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e2chez le vin <\/em>(nhai r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang<\/em>)\u2014gi\u1edd th\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1edb n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1eady trong khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ng\u1eadm r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong mi\u1ec7ng, hay sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ed5 ra. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, khi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1t ra, t\u00f4i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u200e\u00fd, c\u00e1i \u0103ngten-d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i gi\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean ngay: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e2cher<\/em>, \u201cchew\u201d (nhai<\/em>), cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nhai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o trong l\u00fac d\u1ecbch Madame Bovary<\/em>. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, khi Charles Bovary, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 Emma ch\u01b0a l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Flaubert:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Pierre
Pierre Renoir v\u00e0 Valentine Tessier trong vai Charles v\u00e0 Emma Bovary trong phim n\u0103m 1933 c\u1ee7a Jean Renoir chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Madame Bovary c\u1ee7a Gustave Flaubert. (\u1ea2nh: Everett Collection)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Et alors, sur la grande route qui \u00e9tendait sans en finir son long ruban de poussi\u00e8re, par les chemins creux o\u00f9 les arbres se courbaient en berceaux, dans les sentiers dont les bl\u00e9s lui montaient jusqu\u2019aux genoux, avec le soleil sur ses \u00e9paules et l\u2019air du matin \u00e0 ses narines, le coeur plein des f\u00e9licit\u00e9s de la nuit, l\u2019esprit tranquille, la chair contente, il s\u2019en allait ruminant son bonheur, comme ceux qui m\u00e2chent encore, apr\u00e8s d\u00eener, le go\u00fbt des truffes qu\u2019ils dig\u00e8rent.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

And then, on the road stretching out before him in an endless ribbon of dust, along sunken lanes over which the trees bent like an arbor, in paths where the wheat rose as high as his knees, with the sun on his shoulders and the morning air in his nostrils, his heart full of the joys of the night, his spirit at peace, his flesh content, he would ride along ruminating on his happiness, like a man continuing to chew, after dinner, the taste of the truffles he is digesting.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i quan th\u0103m th\u1eb3m r\u1ea3i b\u1ee5i, qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i hai b\u00ean ng\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh v\u00f2m, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa m\u00eca v\u01b0\u01a1n cao t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i, h\u1eafn ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc, vai \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh n\u1eafng, m\u0169i th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ban mai, l\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng vui th\u00fa \u0111\u00eam qua, tr\u00ed n\u00e3o thanh th\u1ea3n, nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. H\u1eafn v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u00f2n nh\u00e1 c\u00e1i d\u01b0 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n n\u1ea5m \u0111ang ti\u00eau.<\/em> [Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: B\u1ea1ch N\u0103ng Thi, NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, 2012])<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u00edch d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u200e\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Flaubert k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n l\u1ebd ra tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb truffes<\/em>\u00a0(n\u1ea5m c\u1ee7<\/em>) v\u00e0\u00a0dig\u00e8rent <\/em>(ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/em>)\u2014n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1ch t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c, y\u00ean \u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111ang y\u00eau, k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m \u0111en, h\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Flaubert, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebfn s\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, khi ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c, qu\u1eb3ng ta \u0111\u00e1nh \u1ecbch v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c hay h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c\u2014n\u1ea5m c\u1ee7 trong c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, khoai t\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh sau.<\/p>\n

Song, ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e2cher<\/em>, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cchew\u201d (nhai). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u00fd chewing<\/em>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp theo \u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb\u00a0 \u201cruminating\u201d (nhai l\u1ea1i, nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm), m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ea9n v\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Charles, khi con ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc thong dong , m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n \u00fd kh\u00e1c \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Flaubert \u2014bovine \u00a0(con b\u00f2)\u2014m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong t\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Bovary v\u00e0 Bouvard.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nhai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u1ecb th\u00ec nhai l\u00e0m sao?<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 n\u1ed7i, trong l\u00fac n\u1ebfm r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u1edf Beaune, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu\u2014n\u00ean m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u khi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0\u2014h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 anh ta<\/em> d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u00e2cher<\/em>\u00a0sang ti\u1ebfng Anh ra sao, cho du kh\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ebfm r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cchew\u201d (nhai)\u2014nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o c\u1ea9m nang mua r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch Flaubert c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u2014t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u00e2cher<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u00e0, cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nhai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Trong d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, ta \u0111\u1eb7t cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ta \u0111ang d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho ta; ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, d\u00f9 ta vi\u1ebft ra gi\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai ngh\u1ec1, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u1ea3 hai r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kia\u2014vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang: trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ta vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft\u2014m\u00e0 ta c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea3ng tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh ta v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 hai l\u1ea1c th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt: (1) l\u1ea1c th\u00fa vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch; v\u00e0 (2) l\u1ea1c th\u00fa gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

(1) Trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch, ta h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e2u ch\u1eef khi\u1ebfn ta h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Ta c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c th\u00fa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eeb, c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n, phong th\u00e1i, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u. V\u00e0\u2014m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng\u2014ta c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c th\u00fa vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch n\u00e0y b\u00ean trong h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3, b\u00ean trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ta kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u00ec n\u1ed7i kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed7i kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ta \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f3n ngh\u1ec1 \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i. Th\u00ea nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c \u00edt c\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u\u2014m\u1ed9t \u00f4 ch\u1eef, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 Jumble (s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef c\u00e1i l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a), m\u1ed9t m\u1eadt m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

(3) M\u1ed9t l\u1ea1c th\u00fa, hay s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khi ta s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ea7y sinh l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khi ta m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00fd do l\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khi ta m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb thay th\u1ebf khi ta c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng vui. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

(4) Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u00fa c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c: khi ta d\u1ecbch, ta ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3; ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 khi ta vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang l\u1ea3ng v\u1ea3ng quanh ta, ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho l\u1eafm c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 hay kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vui t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 Proust, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c khinh b\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 Flaubert. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch ta ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf do ta \u200e\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ta c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3\u2014t\u00f4n vinh hay g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(5) C\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u00fa th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0 ta v\u1eabn v\u1eady m\u1ed7i khi qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ta b\u1ecf r\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh trong nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khu\u00e2y kh\u1ecfa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

(6) Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, ta c\u0169ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2014ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb; ta \u0111ang vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. Ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 y\u00ean \u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ta t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ta v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ngay t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u1eafm\u2014Ann Goldstein t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Elena Ferrante; Rosmarie Waldrop t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Edmond Jab\u00e8s; Don Bartlett t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Karl Ove Knausgaard; Michael Hofmann t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t, Joseph Roth v\u00e0 Peter Stamm, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fac c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch Franz Kafka, Hans Fallada, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; t\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n v\u00e0i n\u0103m, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Maurice Blanchot, Pierre Jean Jouve, Michel Leiris, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan A .L. Snijders, v\u00e0 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau.<\/p>\n

(7) Ta c\u0169ng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eafn. D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 chu du th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2014to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Normandy trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1830; hay trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u Paris v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i. Bartlett, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Knausgaard, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Bergen trong v\u00f9ng Hanse thu\u1ed9c Na Uy, ho\u1eb7c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea5u s\u1ed1 bia qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam giao th\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebft; Rachel Careau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Roger Lewinter k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 b\u00ed t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi \u1edf Geneva ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t con nh\u1ec7n (Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9); Susan Bernofsky, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Robert Walser, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u1edf \u1ea9n v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef than ch\u00ec nh\u1ecf t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Ta \u0111ang chu du, v\u00e0 ta \u0111ang, t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, lu\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi\u2014v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

(8) Ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 khi ta quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta \u1edf M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ta tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt ra v\u1edbi ta b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p pois chiches<\/em>\u00a0[\u0111\u1eadu chickpeas] \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o m\u00f3n salad \u0103n tr\u01b0a, ho\u1eb7c ta th\u1ea5y nai brouter<\/em>\u00a0[g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf] \u1edf c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0; ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 exigu<\/em> [ch\u1eadt], ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n bu\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 entre chien et loup<\/em> [ngh\u0129a \u0111en: gi\u1eefa ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i<\/em>; ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef: l\u00fac ch\u1eadp cho\u1ea1ng, l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng<\/em>]. T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gian h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y, s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c g\u00f3c kh\u0103n tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 che n\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

(9) Do th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ta lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong n\u00f3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng xem n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. Ta \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u200e\u00fd\u2014 ta hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn\u2014m\u1eb7t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a: n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. Ta c\u0169ng th\u00edch h\u00ecnh dung xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00edch g\u00ec v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ta: n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch s\u1ef1 xu\u1ec1 x\u00f2a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i th\u00edch c\u00e1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u00edch c\u1ea3nh m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, t\u00ednh v\u00f4 t\u01b0, c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung T\u00e2y [n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9]. T\u00f4i th\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u00edch tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1 tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

(10) V\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta cho \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n phong v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c [d\u1ecbch]\u2014h\u1ebft t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y t\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, h\u1ebft s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1edbi s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi th\u1eadp ni\u00ean kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00fap dung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u1edd, ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u v\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh. H\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 n\u1ea3y sinh, trong khi d\u1ecbch, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u01a1n trong ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111am m\u00ea s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef g\u1ed1c Latin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng song song v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u1eef Anglo-Saxon th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; t\u00f4i mong ch\u1edd t\u1eeb l\u1ea1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(11) V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1c th\u00fa l\u1edbn lao kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5 sung h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho n\u00f3: c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a Proust, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p c\u00fa ph\u00e1p trau chu\u1ed1t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a Flaubert, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y. Ta \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c: ch\u00e2n dung th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Proust v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 trong Swann\u2019s Way<\/em>\u00a0[b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: B\u00ean ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 Swann<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u1ecb H\u1ea1nh, L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng S\u00e2m, D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u01b0\u1eddng & \u0110\u1eb7ng Anh \u0110\u00e0o, NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc 2013] tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n dung th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef ki\u1ec3u Proust. Gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Flaubert \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Emma s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, d\u00f9 ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Charles th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi trong \u00e1nh n\u1eafng, tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf b\u0103ng trong v\u01b0\u1eddn, khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o \u0103n tr\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, mang l\u1ea1i cho ta s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui l\u1edbn lao, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. Ta l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con t\u1eafc k\u00e8 hoa. V\u00e0 tuy ta tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1edbi v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00e0y, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi n\u00f3: ch\u00ednh trong l\u00fac d\u1ecbch, v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c th\u00fa l\u1edbn lao, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a Proust m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c th\u00fa th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00fac trong \u201ch\u1ecda\u201d d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh trong d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta ho\u1eb7c, t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta. V\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. Ta \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n m\u1ef9, d\u00f9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb duy nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; t\u1eeb\u00a0maison<\/em> [nh\u00e0] trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 v\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u201chouse\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u1ed7i b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ta. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00fa ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o trong v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00e1ng v\u0103n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng [n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng] n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi ch\u00fac t\u1eed t\u1ebf cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00fac \u0111ang c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i \u0103n sandwich c\u1ea1nh b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1, d\u1ea1o ngang trong n\u1eafng v\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u1edbi v\u1ebb l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Bon app\u00e9tit!<\/em>\u00a0(Ch\u00fac ngon mi\u1ec7ng!) L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i\u00a0bon<\/em>\u00a0n\u00e0y bon<\/em>\u00a0n\u1ecd\u2014bonjour<\/em>,\u00a0bon apr\u00e8s-midi<\/em>,\u00a0bonne soir\u00e9e<\/em>,\u00a0bonne nuit<\/em>,\u00a0bonne chance<\/em>,\u00a0bonne fin de s\u00e9jour<\/em>, v\u00e0\u00a0bon voyage<\/em>. M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb\u00a0bon<\/em>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1t ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed3i b\u00e0n khi anh d\u1ecdn ra m\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp theo:\u00a0bonne continuation! <\/em>(Ch\u00fac ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c [\u0103n] vui v\u1ebb!) V\u00e0 do v\u1eady t\u00f4i s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i chung, hy v\u1ecdng h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p:\u00a0bonne continuation!<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n<\/span>: Lydia Davis, Eleven Pleasures of Translating<\/em><\/strong><\/a>,<\/em> The New York Review of Books, 8-12-2016.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a> \u00a9\u00a02016 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1<\/a><\/p>\n

Source: M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1c th\u00fa c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt | l\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0i<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lydia Davis Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1 d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i n\u1ebfm r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u1edf Beaune, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf v\u00f9ng Burgundy, ph\u00eda nam Dijon. Trong bu\u1ed5i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[595,40],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8jhJx-rE","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1714"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1714"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1717,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1714\/revisions\/1717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}