T\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c lan truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin qua Facebook c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i khi\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tin t\u1ee9c nh\u1ea3m, b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n
D\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 “Tony Bu\u1ed5i S\u00e1ng” thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n tin ch\u00ednh cho m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1edf th\u00edch, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng: nh\u1eefng tin m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft h\u1ecd su\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng tin lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd k\u00e9m \u0111i.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
\u201cGi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Kim Andre Gosling Jr., \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean b\u00e1o The Boston Daily Inquirer r\u1eb1ng: Sinh vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u1edf Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi cho m\u1ea9u tin tr\u00ean qua email. \u00d4ng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a tin n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean b\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 5 ph\u00fat sau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng Internet.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t (fake news, m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nghe r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c). Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Gosling Jr. kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady! Th\u1ee9 Hai, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Boston kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o n\u00e0o mang t\u00ean Daily Inquirer. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0o t\u00ean Kim Andre Gosling Jr. \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Havard!<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea3n tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng? V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y th\u00edch, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u tin b\u1ecba kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhanh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 y\u00eau hay gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n
Tin b\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, 1975, d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u00e1o nhau nh\u1eefng tin \u0111\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t nhanh, v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1n ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t. Nhi\u1ec1u khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chuy\u1ec3n tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh \u201cth\u1ea1o tin.\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nhi\u1ec1u tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1800, T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Adams tranh c\u1eed v\u1edbi Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Jefferson. Phe \u00f4ng Adams loan truy\u1ec1n tin n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Jefferson l\u00e0 con lai, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 da \u0111\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng lai da \u0111en \u1edf Virginia, v\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n. Tin b\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111i xa v\u00e0 \u0111i nhanh, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u00e0 Martha Washington, v\u1ee3 c\u1ef1u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, c\u0169ng tin l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, phe Jefferson \u0111\u1ed3n r\u1eb1ng Adams c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng tin.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tin b\u1ecba n\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng trong n\u0103m 2016, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, m\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o tung tin b\u1ecba! Nh\u1eefng tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n, r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201csinh l\u1ee3i\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecba tin, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t!<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Facebook, Google, Twitter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi b\u1ecba tin t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh v\u1eeba gi\u00fap \u201ck\u1ebb gian\u201d t\u1ea1o ra d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn v\u1eeba cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, Google theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng tin t\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf, r\u1ed3i \u201cclick\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i v\u00e0 tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, Google s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0o, hay k\u00e8m v\u00f4 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u201c\u0103n kh\u00e1ch.\u201d Hai b\u00ean s\u1ebd chia nhau ti\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Macedonia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng hi\u1ebfn l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf M\u1ef9. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u00edch qu\u00e1, k\u00eau nhau v\u00e0o coi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00eam \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c cho m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cl\u01b0u th\u00f4ng\u201d t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Google \u0111em qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o t\u1edbi! Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y thanh ni\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 20 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf t\u1eadn b\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n nh\u1edd d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 h\u0103ng say tranh c\u1eed!<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e1m thanh ni\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn\u201d cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tin ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng m\u1edf c\u00e1c tin \u0111\u00f3 coi. \u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, khi h\u1ecd m\u1edf trang \u201ctin t\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Yahoo, hay Google ra, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tin v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u00ecm tin \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, m\u1edf ra s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tin sao H\u00e0n! N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc tin x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e0u hay n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u201cgom tin\u201d s\u1ebd chi\u1ec1u \u00fd, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111em g\u1eedi h\u1ebft cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc!<\/p>\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u00ean Facebook, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng s\u1edf th\u00edch, c\u00f9ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 nhau! \u0110\u1ed3ng thanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con chim h\u00f3t gi\u1ed1ng nhau s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p nhau, nh\u1eefng con th\u00fa c\u00f3 m\u00f9i gi\u1ed1ng nhau s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p nhau. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u1eady! R\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u00fd, l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Trong khung c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c tin b\u1ecba, fake news, lan ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 vi tr\u00f9ng b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea3n tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean Facebook r\u1ed3i, ai th\u00edch n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng Twitter chuy\u1ec3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c coi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 coi tr\u00ean Twitter, l\u1ea5y 20 tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5m (click) nh\u1ea5t so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 20 tin th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tin b\u1ecba \u0103n kh\u00e1ch h\u01a1n tin th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t tin b\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb phanh phui v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tin b\u1ecba r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh sai l\u1ea7m! C\u00f3 ai vui v\u1ebb th\u00fa th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00ec 62% d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ecdc tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Pew Research, v\u00e0 44% qua Facebook. \u0110\u1ecdc tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o, nghe \u0111\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt trang, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c hay b\u00e0i v\u1edf kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 tin t\u1ed1t, tin x\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc tin trong \u201ckh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn\u201d tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cph\u00f2ng d\u1ed9i \u00e2m\u201d (echo chamber).<\/p>\n
D\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tin c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch, qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c hay \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ghi\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o, nghe \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng tin. Trong n\u0103m 2016 c\u00f3 15% ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o Twitter \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. C\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 33%.<\/p>\n
\u1ede Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, 5% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 4% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o Twitter m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 52% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eabn tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o tin t\u1ee9c tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, 70% tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i radio v\u00e0 ti-vi; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 8% tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean Facebook hay Twitter. \u1ede Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00dd, l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 32% v\u00e0 42%.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin b\u1ecba tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ea5p trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi; y\u00eau th\u00edch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch d\u00f9ng Facebook \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecd qua nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn,\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hay th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ISIS, al Qaeda \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh ni\u00ean b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. L\u00e3nh T\u1ee5 Heinz Christian Strache c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u201cT\u1ef1 Do\u201d \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1o l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t video v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c \u201cOsterreich Zuerst\u201d (N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1o S\u1ed1 M\u1ed9t) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0o cho l\u00ean. Strache b\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean Facebook. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan Geert Wilders \u1edf H\u00f2a Lan, Marine Le Pen \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i l\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c \u201ct\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o PEGIDA \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean khi d\u00f9ng Facebook quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb khi hai ch\u1eef fake news, tin b\u1ecba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cfake news!\u201d \u1ee8ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p Emmanuel Macron m\u1edbi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga \u0111ang tung ra nh\u1eefng \u201cfausse nouvelle\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u00e0y. Khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00c2n X\u00e1 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Bashar al-Assad \u1edf Syria \u0111\u00e3 treo c\u1ed5 13,000 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nay r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tin b\u1ecba! M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, sau khi b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tin b\u1ecba, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0 tung ra nh\u1eefng tin b\u1ecba l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng sang chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c!<\/p>\n
Sau khi n\u1ea1n tin b\u1ecba tr\u00e0n lan c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nguy hi\u1ec3m cho n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Google v\u00e0 Facebook \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng trang m\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean loan tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eefa. S\u1ebd \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng tin b\u1ecba nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf Macedonia. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai b\u1ecba tin v\u00e0 tung tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n! Facebook c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ecf \u00fd nghi ng\u1edd th\u00ec h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft!<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef fake news, tin b\u1ecba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, theo quy lu\u1eadt ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hai ch\u1eef fake news, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi th\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1eabn th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang hay sai. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o. Nghe xong r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa. Hy v\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch tin b\u1ecba s\u1ebd t\u00e0n d\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn d\u1ecbch c\u00fam \u0111\u00e3 qua chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3!<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i; m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng chung \u0111ang \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng! Khi nghe \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n tin b\u1ecba th\u00ec bi\u1ebft tin g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. V\u00e0 khi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u1edd \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e0i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ebd thua, c\u00e1c b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00f3i th\u1eadt s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n