{"id":666,"date":"2017-06-06T08:29:52","date_gmt":"2017-06-06T07:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/?p=666"},"modified":"2017-06-06T08:29:52","modified_gmt":"2017-06-06T07:29:52","slug":"xoan-an-do-cay-da-dung-tuyet-voi-dien-dan-khai-phong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2017\/06\/06\/xoan-an-do-cay-da-dung-tuyet-voi-dien-dan-khai-phong\/","title":{"rendered":"Xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e2y \u0111a d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u00ab Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Khai Ph\u00f3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ea3i H\u1ed3<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t\u2026<\/span><\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1959, nh\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Heinrich Schmutterer \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Sudan gi\u1eefa l\u00fac c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh. M\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u \u0103n s\u1ea1ch. M\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i \u01b0? Kh\u00f4ng, GS. Schmutterer nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y xanh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Khi \u1ea5y \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ecd c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, v\u1ecf, tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh theo y h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. D\u00e2n l\u00e0ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng l\u00e1 xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u1ef1a th\u00f3c[i]<\/a> v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y l\u00e0m b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Sau h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Schmutterer c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1eeb 1980 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ba h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u00e1u h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.[ii]<\/a> T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cNeem: A Tree for Solving Global Problems\u201d (Xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9: lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u)[iii]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u00ean h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y<\/span><\/h2>\n

Xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Azadiachta indica A. Juss v\u00e0 Melia azadiachta Linn. N\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd Meliacea v\u1edbi xoan (ta) (t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Melia acedarach Linn) v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u. Trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea, s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u hay s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi v\u1edbi xoan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Melia acedarach Linn. T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc tuy ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 nh\u1edb. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi xoan v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u201cneem\u201d (Anh, Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cnim\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a neem \/ xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00e2y neem c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c Myanma, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n t\u1edbi \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. C\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh  c\u00e2y \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y, neem kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau. Theo cu\u1ed1n \u201cC\u00e2y c\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a GS. Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ed9, neem m\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean (Ki\u00ean Giang), Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c (An Giang) v\u00e0 C\u00e0 N\u00e1 (Ninh Thu\u1eadn).[iv]<\/a> Nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc Fran\u00e7oise Aubaile-Sallenave cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e2y neem m\u00e0 b\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xoan \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng trong v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e2y vi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.[v]<\/a> M\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh Ninh Thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e2y neem s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. Khi \u1ea5y, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t r\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u1edbi ba m\u00e9t r\u01b0\u1ee1i. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 v\u1edbi v\u00f2m c\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. G\u1ed7 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea1t n\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xoan \u0111\u00e0o. L\u00e1 neem h\u00ecnh l\u00f4ng chim, c\u00f3 kh\u00eda r\u0103ng c\u01b0a \u1edf r\u00eca l\u00e1. Hoa nh\u1ecf, n\u0103m c\u00e1nh tr\u1eafng, thoang tho\u1ea3ng m\u00f9i m\u1eadt ong, m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m t\u1eeb n\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh l\u00e1. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1i neem gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i xoan, m\u00e0u xanh l\u00fac c\u00f2n non v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00e0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn. Th\u1ecbt tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u x\u01a1, v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eafng, \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (chim v\u00e0 d\u01a1i r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0103n tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn). H\u1ea1t c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi hai, ba nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 neem r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng xoan, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Trong khi l\u00e1 neem m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n k\u00e9p th\u00ec l\u00e1 xoan ta hai l\u1ea7n k\u00e9p. Hoa neem tr\u0103ng tr\u1eafng, c\u00f2n hoa xoan tim t\u00edm. Neem l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, xoan l\u1ea1i r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4ng. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00e2y s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i neem lai v\u00ec c\u00f3 hoa tr\u1eafng, l\u00e1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n k\u00e9p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00eda r\u0103ng c\u01b0a v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 hoa tr\u1ed9n g\u1ecfi, v\u1ecb tuy \u201c\u0111\u1eafng ngh\u00e9t\u201d nh\u01b0ng h\u1eadu ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n

 \"Neem_Wiki-J-M-Garg-CC-BY-3.0\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y Neem: l\u00e1 v\u00e0 hoa<\/em>
\nSource: Wikipedia, Photograph: J.M. Garg (2009), Licence CC BY 3.0<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Neem_fruits_Wiki-Hayavadhan-CC-BY-SA-3.0\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y Neem: l\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n non<\/em>
\nSource: Wikipedia, Photograph: Hayavadhan (2012), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a neem \/ xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00e2y neem ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 400 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.200 mm. C\u00e2y c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u01a1i \u00edt m\u01b0a n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (nh\u01b0 Madagasca) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a t\u1edbi 2.500 mm\/n\u0103m nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xoan, neem kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ch\u1ed7 \u00fang n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3i cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn 800 m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cao. \u0110\u1ed9 pH th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 6,2 t\u1edbi 7,0, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01a1i chua. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e1 neem c\u00f3 t\u00ednh base (pH 8,2). C\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. \u1ede Saudi Arabia, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 2,8 mg ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn trong m\u1ed9t l\u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y con m\u00e0 c\u00e2y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01a1m b\u00f4ng k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, neem m\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 21 \u0111\u1ebfn 32 \u00b0C, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng t\u1edbi 50 \u00b0C nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t. Trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, neem ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 me, keo, h\u1ed3ng s\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (Dahlbergia sissoo) v.v.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ecd<\/span><\/h2>\n

M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc. Ngo\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 azadiachtin c\u00f2n c\u00f3 salannin, meliatropin v\u00e0 neembim, neembinin. M\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e2u b\u1ecd. D\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t neem ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 40 ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1eabn nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh. Dung d\u1ecbch neem v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,1 ppm (= 0,000 01 %) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u b\u1ecd ng\u00e1n \u0103n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, neem c\u00f2n l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hormone c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u \u0103n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3. Ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 azadiachtin v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hormone l\u1ed9t da ecdysone c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, azadiachtin \u201cc\u1ea1nh tranh\u201d v\u1edbi ecdysone, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9t da \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ed9ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t azadiachtin c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 400 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, m\u1ea1t, nh\u1eady v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng (giun tr\u00f2n).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t hay hai ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 l\u1eddn thu\u1ed1c hay c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng nh\u1edd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed1c c\u00e1, xoan, neem c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng\u201d v\u00ec ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00ean c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t neem ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00ean \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. D\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t neem kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho tr\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh l\u0103n \u0111\u00f9ng ra ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y ng\u00e1n \u0103n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t neem kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chung n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u0169y, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t hay bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean kh\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. (Theo th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 neem TS. Klaus Ermel, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t neem trong kho l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.) \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch 0,3 % azadiachtin. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m khoa h\u1ecdc gia do GS Tr\u1ea7n Kim Qui v\u00e0 TS Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch ly v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. C\u00f4ng ty thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t VINEEM 1500EC ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t azadiachtin \u201cc\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ecdai s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00faa, rau m\u00e0u, c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i, hoa ki\u1ec3ng\u201d[vi]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch neem v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n ong nh\u1ecf khi phun nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0111ang ra hoa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 neem c\u0169ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4m cua l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i l\u1ed9t v\u1ecf khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00e0ng n\u00f3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec h\u1ea1t neem c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ninh Thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng neem, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n trong ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 neem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Kinh t\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (TPP) n\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.[vii]<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a neem \/ xoan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/h2>\n

Neem l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111a d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi y h\u1ecdc (th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh lo\u00e9t d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y), v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (tr\u1ecb ch\u00ed r\u1eadn, b\u1ec7nh n\u1ea5m ngo\u00e0i da), v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (ch\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed3i mu\u1ed7i). G\u1ed7 neem d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb m\u1ed1i, m\u1ecdt. Theo b\u00e0 Aubaile-Sallenave, g\u1ed7 neem c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m lan can c\u1ea7u, c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i tr\u00ed trong t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m ra t\u1eeb c\u00e2y neem v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty  kinh doanh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Sau khi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t neem l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea7n b\u00e3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi x\u01a1 d\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n. L\u00e1 neem c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Do c\u00f3 t\u00ednh base, l\u00e1 neem c\u00f2n l\u00e0m trung ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t chua.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i ch\u1ee5m, neem l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o theo chu k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m t\u1edbi b\u1ea3y n\u0103m. Sau m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb 120 t\u1edbi 170 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u00e9c-ta (nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ghana v\u00e0 Nigeria). V\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n gi\u1ecfi, neem l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng sa m\u1ea1c ho\u00e1. R\u1eebng neem tr\u1ed3ng xen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim mu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh\u201d t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u0169 qu\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a b\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span> <\/strong><\/h2>\n

detran<\/a>, \u201cC\u00e2y s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u g\u00f3c v\u01b0\u1eddn\u2026\u201d,  Personal Website of Tran Quang De, 27\/11\/2013.<\/p>\n

Foerster P<\/a>, Moser G, \u201cStatus report on global Neem usage\u201d, second revised edition, Eschborn 2000.<\/p>\n

Goktepe<\/a>, I., Portier, R. and Ahmedna, M.: Ecological risk assessment of neem-based pesticides. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Was<\/a>2004, 39(2)<\/a>, p. 311-320.<\/p>\n

Koul O<\/a>, Wahab S, \u201cNeem: Today and in the New Millenium\u201d, Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004.<\/p>\n

National Research Council<\/a>: Neem: A Tree for Solving Global Problems. Washington, D.C., 1992.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng, V\u0169 V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed9, L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Thanh Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 B\u00f9i V\u0103n To\u00e0n: Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng azadirachtin v\u00e0 neembin trong l\u00e1 neem (azadirachta indica <\/em>A. Juss) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i, g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1t neem \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1ea7y n\u00e2u (Nilaparvata lugens<\/em>Stal.). H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft NCCB trong KHTN khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda Nam n\u0103m 2005. Khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, trang 48-50.<\/p>\n

Schmutterer, Heinrich (ed.): The Neem Tree and Other Meliaceous Plants. Sources of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine. Industry and Other Purposes.  Weinheim, Germany, 1995.<\/p>\n

Singh KK<\/a>, Phogat S, Toma A, Dhillon RS, \u201cNeem A Treatise\u201d, I. K. International Publishing House, New Dehli 2008.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Kim Qui<\/a> (ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i): Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ly tr\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t limonoid t\u1eeb c\u00e2y neem Azadirachta indica \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c ng\u0103n \u0103n v\u00e0 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u00e2u m\u1ecdt ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. [\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung T\u00e2m Th\u00f4ng Tin Khoa H\u1ecdc & C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan ng\u00e0y 29-03-2004.]<\/p>\n

V\u0169 V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed9<\/a>, Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng, Ng\u00f4 K\u1ebf S\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cKh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ba ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdo\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh trong d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u1eadp 27(3), 2005, trang 61-65.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/span><\/h2>\n

[i]<\/a> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng l\u00e1 xoan ta \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00faa.<\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> Xem: Genesis of World Neem Conference<\/a>, Neem Foundation.<\/p>\n

[iii]<\/a> Xem National Research Council.<\/p>\n

[iv]<\/a> Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ed9: C\u00e2y c\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 1999-2000.http:\/\/www.mediafire.com\/folder\/grpmu9awg5toc\/C%C3%A2y_c%E1%BB%8F_VN_-_Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Ho%C3%A0ng_H%E1%BB%99<\/a><\/p>\n

[v]<\/a> Aubaile-Sallenave F<\/a>, \u201cBois et Bateaux du Vi\u00eatnam\u201d, SELAF, 1987, trang 143.<\/p>\n

[vi]<\/a> Xem Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[vii]<\/a> V\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a>, \u201cS\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng TPP \u00e1p s\u00e1t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d, Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb online 02\/11\/2015.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

https:\/\/diendankhaiphong.org\/xoan-an-do-cay-da-dung\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ea3i H\u1ed3 B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t\u2026 N\u0103m 1959, nh\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Heinrich Schmutterer \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Sudan gi\u1eefa l\u00fac c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh. M\u1ecdi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[72,330],"tags":[523,524],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8jhJx-aK","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/666"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=666"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/666\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}