{"id":716,"date":"2017-07-19T14:06:20","date_gmt":"2017-07-19T13:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/?p=716"},"modified":"2017-07-19T14:06:20","modified_gmt":"2017-07-19T13:06:20","slug":"nhung-giac-mo-giao-duc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2017\/07\/19\/nhung-giac-mo-giao-duc\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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27\/06\/2017 08:30<\/span> – Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ecb Thanh<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u khi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f4i s\u1eafp k\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng vang \u00e2m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1. Ch\u00fang v\u1eeba b\u1eaft v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba kh\u01a1i l\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i d\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Giao \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201cgi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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\nGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a PISA m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 logic kinh t\u1ebf h\u00f3a.<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Humboldt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Richard David Precht l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cV\u00ec sao con t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng?\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2013, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam1<\/sup>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Precht t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u2013nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00e0n lan c\u1ee7a Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Education Reform Movement – GERM), ta kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u2013nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cnh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u201d hay \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf\u201d. Precht kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u1ebfp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u0103m 1810, ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u201cl\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835). D\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Humboldt l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi trau d\u1ed3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d. V\u1edbi \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee3 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee3 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi luy\u1ec7n tay ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi xong \u0111\u00e3\u201d. \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng\u201d bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u201cd\u00e1m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, d\u00e1m d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cao h\u01a1n ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Humboldt ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Humboldt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ba di s\u1ea3n: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hay hu\u1ea5n ngh\u1ec7?; th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khi n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi trau d\u1ed3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d; th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh. V\u1edbi Precht, nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 cho ta th\u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c-nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p. Khi \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Humboldt v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so\u00e1n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u201cthu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i duy nh\u1ea5t \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khai th\u00e1c hoa l\u1ee3i (Verwertungsgesellschaft). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, theo quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Precht, gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Humboldt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 l\u1ebb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i, \u00f4m \u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Heinz Bude, Precht t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft ba nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 cao c\u1ea5p mang l\u1ea1i danh v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c; nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp; nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ch\u00e1u (tr 55). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ea5y l\u00ean n\u1ed7i lo \u00e2u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

2. Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Ph\u1ea7n Lan<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, tr\u1ebb em 6-7 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 k\u00ec l\u1ea1; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia, mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n chung \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. TS. Ph\u00f9ng H\u00e0 Thanh, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc, Khoa Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho bu\u1ed5i trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u201cC\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: H\u1ecdc g\u00ec t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea7n Lan?\u201d do ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Reading Circle t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00f4m 22\/4\/2017 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 GERM trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y b\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Richard David Precht, Ph\u00f9ng H\u00e0 Thanh mang \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u1ed5i trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u201cGi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Ph\u1ea7n Lan\u201d. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201cGi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Humbodlt\u201d m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1, \u201cGi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Ph\u1ea7n Lan\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u201cV\u00ec sao con t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng?\u201d m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 PISA do kh\u1ed1i OECD ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh: c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a sinh ra t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thao t\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t, song, v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng suy chuy\u1ec3n; th\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u1ea7n Lan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a PISA m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 logic kinh t\u1ebf h\u00f3a. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 khung c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0 Thanh k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u1ea7n Lan kh\u00e1c l\u1ed1i khen ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea ta ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n l\u00e2u ta m\u1edbi m\u01a1 m\u00f2ng v\u1edbi t\u1edbi. Trong h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ch\u1ecb \u0111ang ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khi t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecb chia s\u1ebb, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea7n Lan c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh \u201cn\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch\u201d \u1ea5y. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u00e0 v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u \u201cph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m quan\u201d2<\/sup> \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m quan kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea7n Lan th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i tung ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tin s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, g\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean H\u00e0 Thanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a GERM. N\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cn\u1eafn d\u00f2ng\u201d. Theo \u0111\u00f3, Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20. Qua c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i dai d\u1eb3ng. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u201cgi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Humboldt\u201d, Precht \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00f4i thai gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng (ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7). Song c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3u \u00f4 ng\u0103n; m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc; ph\u00e2n chia vai tr\u00f2, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng; k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i. C\u1ea3 Precht v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n logic c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y: h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed3m k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc sang th\u1eddi k\u00ec C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n gia t\u0103ng. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, H\u00e0 Thanh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn\u201d (consensus) tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng: ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m quan (sensible) v\u00e0 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u01b0 duy tr\u1ef1c quan (common sense). Ng\u00e0y nay, ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cm\u00e3 h\u00f3a\u201d b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o: \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c… B\u1ed9 khung kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cqui \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d \u1ed3 \u1ea1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i k\u0129 n\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\u201d (H\u00e0 Thanh). Kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Ph\u1ea7n Lan n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i GERM. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra c\u00f4ng phu, nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m li\u1ec1n. \u201cGi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Ph\u1ea7n Lan\u201d3<\/sup> t\u1ea1o ra \u201cNgh\u1ecbch l\u00fd Ph\u1ea7n Lan\u201d4<\/sup>: D\u1ea1y \u00edt h\u01a1n, H\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u00edt h\u01a1n, H\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n; T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng qua th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u1ede Ph\u1ea7n Lan, con em d\u00e2n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi con em d\u00e2n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. \u01afu th\u1ebf Ph\u1ea7n Lan l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng gi\u1eef ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea7n Lan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u01b0\u01a1m gieo nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd: ni\u1ec1m tin, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d tr\u1ea3i ra m\u00eanh mang trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ph\u1ea7n Lan.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1eb7t hai th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n GERM v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan c\u1ea1nh nhau, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. R\u1eb1ng, th\u1ee9 GERM t\u1ea1o n\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00e0y ra. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n. N\u01a1i ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u00e1n cho ta thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t an s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m quan ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3, ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d (Precht).<\/p>\n

3. Thay cho l\u1eddi k\u1ebft: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u201d Jacotot<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u00e0 Thanh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201c100% \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d n\u1ebfu ta mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 quan, duy \u00fd ch\u00ed. H\u00e0 Thanh hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00ea nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecb th\u1ea5m th\u00eda gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129, c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng sinh s\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u201cGi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 Ph\u1ea7n Lan\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n phi v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i: ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u1edbi l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3? T\u00f4i xin kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u201d Jacotot trong \u201cThe ignorant Schoolmaster\u201d, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Jacques Ranci\u00e8re v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. N\u0103m 1818, Joseph Jacotot (1770 -1840), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Louvain, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u00d4ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng H\u00e0 Lan, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean H\u00e0 Lan kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n in song ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p – H\u00e0 Lan v\u1edf k\u1ecbch T\u00e9l\u00e9maque. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tay c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00f3i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecdc nhanh n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Jacotot g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. \u00d4ng g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Ranci\u00e8re h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi n\u00f3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc: nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. B\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u201d bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c minh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GERM) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, GERM l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. GERM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i virus ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qui chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn\u201d theo logic kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u201c\u2026C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng nhau\u2026 N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e2y lan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus. N\u00f3 lan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nhau v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n,\u201d Pasi Sahlberg, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cB\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea7n Lan 2.0\u201d, t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean Washington Post5<\/sup>.<\/div>\n

——-
\n1<\/sup>Nh\u00e3 Nam v\u00e0 NXB Tri th\u1ee9c, 2017.
\n2<\/sup> M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef do tri\u1ebft gia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Jacques Ranci\u00e8re (1940) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.
\n3, 4<\/sup>L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch trong \u201cB\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea7n Lan 2.0\u201d c\u1ee7a Pasi Sahlberg.
\n5<\/sup> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/ blogs\/answer-sheet\/post\/how-germ-is-infecting-schools-around-the-world\/2012\/06\/29\/gJQAVELZAW_blog.html?utm_term=.a89c2c5bccee.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Source: Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

27\/06\/2017 08:30 – Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ecb Thanh Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u khi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[123],"tags":[292,575,574],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8jhJx-by","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}