{"id":767,"date":"2017-09-03T03:06:41","date_gmt":"2017-09-03T02:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/?p=767"},"modified":"2017-09-03T03:06:42","modified_gmt":"2017-09-03T02:06:42","slug":"cac-thuat-ngu-benh-tieu-duong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2017\/09\/03\/cac-thuat-ngu-benh-tieu-duong\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/cac-thuat-ngu-benh-tieu-duong\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Acesulfame-k:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a carbohydrate ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u<\/a>. Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/a> kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng calo th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Sunette, Sweet One, v\u00e0 Swiss Sweet.<\/p>\n

Acetone:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong m\u00e1u khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c acetone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t insulin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 protein t\u1eeb c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1. Acetone th\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec5m toan:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u axit t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 ceton ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 acetone, khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p t\u00ednh:<\/strong> Kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng; x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn:<\/strong> Hai tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c hormone nh\u01b0 epinephrine<\/a> (adrenaline) l\u00e0m k\u00edch th\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; norepinephrine, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1ecbp tim<\/a> v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p<\/a>; v\u00e0 hormon tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn (corticosteroid) ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, protein, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m vi\u00eam. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hormone sinh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 testosterone<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t DHEA v\u00e0 progesterone<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 2<\/a> nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. \u201cB\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c insulin\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 2<\/a>, v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n insulin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Advantame:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Aspartame \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c FDA ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng. Advantame c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed3n<\/a> kh\u00e1c, k\u1eb9o cao su, k\u1eb9o, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt, m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ea1nh, gelatins v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh pudding, m\u1ee9t v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, l\u1edbp tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 xir\u00f4.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i<\/strong> hay t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5<\/strong>:<\/strong> T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Albumin ni\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Khi th\u1eadn b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, protein c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. Albumin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t protein nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u00e1u, ch\u00fang \u0111i qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u1eadn v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c protein kh\u00e1c. Albumin ni\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf 30-45% ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 1<\/a> \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 n\u0103m. \u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 2<\/a>, th\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf protein v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 albumin ni\u1ec7u vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (microalbuminuria). \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p <\/a>. Protein ni\u1ec7u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn<\/a> giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o Alpha:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf t\u1ee5y, n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea3o Langerhans; t\u1ebf b\u00e0o alpha s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hormone g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cglucagon.\u201d Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Glucagon \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi insulin \u2013 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u1eeb gan.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Protein m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1, nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c virus.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> L\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u (markers) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> M\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1u t\u1eeb tim \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0y h\u01a1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch; th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch<\/a>\u201c. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 bong ra, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111au tim<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn <\/strong>t\u1ee5y<\/strong><\/a> nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/strong>:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i insulin; c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f2ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.\u201d N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng glucose trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng insulin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng insulin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch, do \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng insulin. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t Tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Aspartame:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt calo; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u201dEqual\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNutraSweet\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

X\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y ra do vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng cholesterol<\/a> trong th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch; nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1, bong ra, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng<\/a> g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111au tim<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u cho tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u gi\u00e0u oxy \u0111\u1ebfn tim, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\/v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m <\/strong>c\u00e1c <\/strong>kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3<\/strong> t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n<\/strong>:<\/strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ZnT8Ab gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra xem trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u00eanh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n k\u1ebdm 8 (zinc transporter 8 autoantibody, ZnT8Ab) hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 1<\/a> v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan hay n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 1<\/a>, c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p<\/a> do b\u1ec7nh Graves<\/a>, v\u00e0 suy gi\u00e1p<\/a> do b\u1ec7nh Hashimoto<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong>T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh<\/a> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh<\/a> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau ho\u00e1<\/a>, h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u, da, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c. Th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c \u1ea9n (ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u00e2m th\u1ea7m):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eaft do \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra; v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t insulin<\/strong> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> L\u01b0\u1ee3ng insulin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t insulin li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng glucose x\u1ea3y ra trong ng\u00e0y. \u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng insulin li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua b\u01a1m insulin<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o Beta:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf t\u1ee5y, n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea3o Langerhans; t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng insulin, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

Insulin sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Insulin ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene; insulin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng<\/a> cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi insulin b\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c heo. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t insulin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u trong\/sau m\u1ed7i b\u1eefa \u0103n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t insulin t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Glucose m\u00e1u:<\/strong> Xem \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 glucose.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u:<\/strong> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u; theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00edch m\u00e1u t\u1eeb ng\u00f3n tay, nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u l\u00ean que th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n que th\u1eed v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c insulin. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eefa \u0103n, hai gi\u1edd sau b\u1eefa \u0103n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i ng\u1ee7, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam, tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Huy\u1ebft \u00e1p:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u l\u00ean m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u (\u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi hai s\u1ed1: s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u00e2m thu v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch khi tim \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e1u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch; s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch khi tim ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp. Huy\u1ebft \u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mang thai b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n hay b\u1eb1ng 130\/80.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhanh t\u1eeb cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao.<\/p>\n

U<\/strong>rea nitrogen<\/strong> trong<\/strong> <\/a>m\u00e1u <\/strong>(BUN):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a protein m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111o ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem th\u1eadn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng BUN cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft BUN hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Bunion:<\/strong> S\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i do s\u01b0ng t\u00fai d\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi da v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kh\u1edbp. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u01a1n do \u0111i gi\u00e0y \u00f4m s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n, gi\u00e0y m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e0y cao g\u00f3t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch ra ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n d\u1eb9t ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2m ch\u00e2n th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb bunion \u1edf ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i. Mang gi\u00e0y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00eam ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bunion. Bunion c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e8 \u00e1p l\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ebft chai:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a da, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng do s\u1ef1 c\u1ecd x\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. V\u1ebft chai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u1eb7ng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e0y v\u1eeba ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft chai.<\/p>\n

Calorie<\/strong> hay Calo<\/strong>:<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u calo h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u calo h\u01a1n c\u00e1c protein v\u00e0 carbohydrate. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt calo.<\/p>\n

Carbohydrate: <\/strong>M\u1ed9t trong ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; carbohydrate ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh glucose.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u1ef9 chuy\u00ean khoa Tim m\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> B\u00e1c s\u1ef9 chuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tim<\/a>; m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia tim m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Tim m\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u (\u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 mao m\u1ea1ch)<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (CDE):<\/strong> Chuy\u00ean gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Cholesterol<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, m\u1ec1m, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t do gan t\u1ea1o ra. Cholesterol c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, cholesterol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u cholesterol trong m\u00e1u g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 LDL (cholesterol \u201dx\u1ea5u\u201d), l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m trong th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n \u0111au khi \u0111i b\u1ed9:<\/strong> Xem \u0110au c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

H\u00f4n m\u00ea:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Dawn:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u<\/a> v\u00e0o l\u00fac s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc do \u0111i ti\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> Xem ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 1<\/a> v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m toan xeton (DKA):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft<\/a>, m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a> , v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 axit c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 insulin kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. DKA x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 insulin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u00f3i\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xeton b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a axit. Nhi\u1ec5m toan xeton c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n m\u00ea v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean gia dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng <\/strong>(dietician):<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng y t\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> Th\u1ebb, v\u00f2ng \u0111eo tay, ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u y t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00f4n m\u00ea.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u1ef9 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Danh s\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch chia th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u nh\u00f3m: tinh b\u1ed9t, th\u1ecbt, rau, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, s\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. Trong m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh b\u1ed9t\/carbohydrate, \u0111\u1ea1m\/protein, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o\/fat v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/calo.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i (FPG):<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 8 gi\u1edd. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n 100 mg\/dL. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 100 mg\/dL v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 126 mg\/dL c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i h\u01a1i caonh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 126 mg\/dL v\u00e0 khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft 2 gi\u1edd sau b\u1eefa \u0103n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft sau b\u1eefa \u0103n cao h\u01a1n 200 mg\/dL v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft khi \u0111\u00f3i cao h\u01a1n 126 mg\/dL, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o:<\/strong> Ch\u1ea5t gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i vitamin<\/a> v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho da kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh; ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o \u2013 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u0111a, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 trans<\/a> fat. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c cholesterol v\u00e0 triglycerid<\/a> trong m\u00e1u g\u1ea7n ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o b\u00e3o h\u00f2a<\/a> v\u00e0 cholesterol trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o b\u00e3o h\u00f2a<\/a> g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c LDL (cholesterol \u201dx\u1ea5u\u201d). L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o b\u00e3o h\u00f2a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi 10% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng calo<\/a> h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cholesterol n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi 300 mg\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Fructose:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, rau qu\u1ea3<\/a> v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong; fructose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0103n ki\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7t d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh<\/a> c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n qua d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f4n<\/a>, v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i do t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh<\/a>. Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai <\/strong><\/a>k\u1ef3<\/strong>:<\/strong> M\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft cao b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u00fac mang thai; do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang thai \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a insulin d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sau sinh<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 2 cao h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 g\u1eb7p bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 sinh<\/a> con, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thai nhi.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh c\u01b0\u1eddm n\u01b0\u1edbc: <\/strong>M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eaft li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong m\u1eaft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, suy gi\u1ea3m th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u00f9 l\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Glucagon:<\/strong> Hormone l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c glucose trong m\u00e1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u1edf gan; glucagon \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u th\u1ea5p<\/a>. Ti\u00eam glucagon gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

Glucose:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n; ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3; c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cdextrose.\u201d<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m dung n\u1ea1p <\/strong>Glucose<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0103n. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t 8 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u1ea5y 1 m\u1eabu m\u00e1u l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, cho u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t dung dihj ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Hai gi\u1edd sau, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 2. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 126 mg\/dl x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i t\u1eeb 100 mg\/dl v\u00e0 125 mg\/dl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra sau hai gi\u1edd cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 200 mg\/dl, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft sau hai gi\u1edd dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 140 mg\/dl v\u00e0 199 mg\/dl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m dung n\u1ea1p glucose.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HbA1c:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Hemoglobin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4. Hemoglobin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hemoglobin glycated ho\u1eb7c Hemoglobin<\/a> A1C. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft trung b\u00ecnh trong kho\u1ea3ng 6-12 tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t glucose t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. M\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 7% v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi m\u1ee9c HbA1c b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 6,5%.<\/p>\n

Cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khi m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng; huy\u1ebft \u00e1p cao<\/a> l\u00e0m m\u1ec7t tim, g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111au tim<\/a>, \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean gi\u1eef huy\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 130\/80 mmHg.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft cao:<\/strong> Xem t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0:<\/strong> C\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u; c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft.\u201d X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng m\u00e1u to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n (ch\u1ee9a huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u) n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft \u0111o trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Hormone:<\/strong> Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, insulin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hormone do c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta trong tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y ti\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng glucose cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Insulin nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> Insulin s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi insulin m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra. M\u00e3 DNA \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m insulin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ea5m men; insulin sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh chi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft cao; t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 insulin ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng insulin.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p:<\/strong> Xem cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p<\/a> .<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft th\u1ea5p<\/a>; t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u insulin trong khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/strong> C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>\u201d; d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng to d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec c\u1ee9ng l\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, v\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u trong d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt tr\u1edf b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 50% nam gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 2 g\u1eb7p ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00eam:<\/strong> Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ti\u00eam insulin tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam inulin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ti\u00eam c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c u, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m d\u01b0\u1edbi da (lo\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng lipid) c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 insulin..<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00eam:<\/strong> V\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eam insulin d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Insulin:<\/strong> Hormone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c insulin:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 1<\/p>\n

Insulin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p insulin c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a insulin t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafn, v\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1nc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua insulin tr\u1ed9n s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed9n insulin t\u1eeb hai chai kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

B\u01a1m Insulin:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf nh\u1eafn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo tr\u00ean th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 trong t\u00fai. M\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi kim m\u1ea3nh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng. Kim ti\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm v\u00e0o da b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. D\u00f2ng insulin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng insulin:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u insulin, ho\u1eb7c \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u00eam th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee5 c\u1ea3m Insulin:<\/strong> Khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o cho ph\u00e9p insulin trong m\u00e1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o; khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 insulin k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y glucose t\u1eeb m\u00e1u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ng insulin<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> Khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a insulin tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1eafp, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 insulin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 insulin ti\u00eam. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n insulin li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ng insulin ho\u1eb7c<\/strong>h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/a>:<\/strong> H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 2 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh tim<\/a>. Quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ng insulin ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 3 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n