{"id":852,"date":"2017-11-01T01:26:06","date_gmt":"2017-11-01T00:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/?p=852"},"modified":"2017-11-15T10:13:16","modified_gmt":"2017-11-15T09:13:16","slug":"10-cap-tu-ai-cung-hay-bi-lan-lon-trong-tieng-viet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/2017\/11\/01\/10-cap-tu-ai-cung-hay-bi-lan-lon-trong-tieng-viet\/","title":{"rendered":"10 c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb ai c\u0169ng hay b\u1ecb ‘l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n’ trong Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"10<\/figure>\n<\/header>\n

D\u00e1m c\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng sai r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft!<\/h2>\n
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\u0110i kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y, th\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u00a0Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p bao nhi\u00eau, d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hay b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1m c\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u1ea1n trong ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi sai s\u00f3t. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb g\u00ec v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hay d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

1. Chia s\u1ebb hay chia x\u1ebb<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1eb3n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft “chia s\u1ebb” m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi \u00edt khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ai d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb “chia x\u1ebb” c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hay, hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb “chia s\u1ebb<\/b>“, “chia” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3; “s\u1ebb” l\u00e0 chia b\u1edbt ra, l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, “chia s\u1ebb” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chia v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Chia c\u01a1m s\u1ebb \u00e1o, chia s\u1ebb n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n).<\/p>\n

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“Chia x\u1ebb<\/b>” \u2013 “chia” v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1ecf ra th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 “x\u1ebb” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia, b\u1ed5, c\u1eaft cho r\u1eddi ra theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n nhau n\u1eefa, hay c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec cho th\u00f4ng, tho\u00e1t (VD: x\u1ebb r\u00e3nh tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, hai t\u1eeb “chia s\u1ebb” v\u00e0 “chia x\u1ebb” n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng c\u00e3i c\u1ed1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb “chia x\u1ebb” nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Xem th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c hai t\u1eeb “chia s\u1ebb” v\u00e0 “chia x\u1ebb” \u1edf b\u00e0i n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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https:\/\/laodong.vn\/van-hoa\/se-hay-xe-19595.bld<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb chia (l\u00e0m ra t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3): chia s\u1ebb – c\u00f9ng chia v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu (th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef: Nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1m s\u1ebb \u00e1o). V\u00e0 chia x\u1ebb – chia ra t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i n\u1eefa (TN – Chia n\u0103m x\u1ebb b\u1ea3y).<\/p>\n

2. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft hay gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c hay nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3! C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft” m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft – “gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft” m\u1edbi th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0… c\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng \u1edf trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, “gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft<\/b>” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi trong khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

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Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, “gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/b>” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd hay m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 suy ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd hay \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea nh\u01b0 sau: “gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft” – \u0111i\u1ec1u coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, n\u00eau ra l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, suy lu\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, hai t\u1eeb “gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft” v\u00e0 “gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft” \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hay \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, “\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3” l\u00e0 t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m hai ch\u1eef g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n: “\u0111\u1ed9c” mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a “\u0111\u1ecdc” hay “h\u1ecdc” v\u00e0 “gi\u1ea3” mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a “ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. Khi hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1eeb “\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc”.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2000, trang 336 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb\u00a0“\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3”<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

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Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb “\u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/b>” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc” hay “b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc” \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m “\u0111\u1ecdc” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 “gi\u1ea3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t. Khi gh\u00e9p hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u00e0o, ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, “\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3” m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u00edn m\u00f9i hay ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea \u2013 trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t 2000 (trang 161) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp\u00a0“ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i”<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 (qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2y) r\u1ea5t ch\u00edn, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ngon nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. (VD: \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb\u00a0“ch\u00edn m\u00f9i”<\/b>. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Kim Th\u1ea3n (2005) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau “ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i” l\u00e0\u2026. ch\u00edn m\u00f9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i t\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i”.<\/p>\n

5. T\u1ef1u chung hay t\u1ef1u trung<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1u trung”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u00a0“t\u1ef1u chung”<\/b>h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1edfi h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “chung” trong “t\u1ef1u chung” gi\u1ed1ng trong t\u1eeb “chung quy”.<\/p>\n

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Th\u1eadt ra, t\u1eeb\u00a0“t\u1ef1u trung”\u00a0<\/b>– “t\u1ef1u” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1edbi (t\u1ec1 t\u1ef1u); trung: l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa, trong, b\u00ean trong. “T\u1ef1u trung” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eafp n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1i chung, c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

6. V\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung hay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung” thay cho t\u1eeb “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung” b\u1edfi ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb “chung” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chung quy. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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Theo ngh\u0129a H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t, “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung”\u00a0<\/b>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “trong c\u00e1i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh”. C\u00f2n trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung”: tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 (t\u1ea1o ra, g\u00e2y ra vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Anh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i n\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung” c\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung” l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang; c\u00f2n “v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung” l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

7. Nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c hay nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo ngh\u0129a H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t, “nh\u1eadm” trong t\u1eeb “nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c” l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5; “ch\u1ee9c” l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch, vi\u1ec7c quan, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn.\u00a0“Nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c”\u00a0<\/b>l\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 do c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean giao cho, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb “nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c” trong ngh\u0129a H\u00e1n N\u00f4m th\u00ec “nh\u1eadn” l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n, ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea5y, l\u0129nh l\u1ea5y; n\u00ean\u00a0“nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c”<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Theo ngh\u0129a H\u00e1n, “nh\u1eadn” l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ecbu, b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng n\u00ean “nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, hay H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec t\u1eeb “nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c” \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c”.<\/p>\n

8. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n hay chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u01b0? Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0, trong n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

“Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n”<\/b>\u00a0– “ch\u1ea9n” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n; “\u0111o\u00e1n” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch suy ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, “ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh, d\u1ef1a theo tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m (theo T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t). VD: Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, “chu\u1ea9n” trong t\u1eeb\u00a0“chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n”<\/b>\u00a0l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mang ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u1eeb “chu\u1ea9n” ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, h\u01b0\u1edbng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang; hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c theo th\u00f3i quen trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, “ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n” m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

9. Tham quan hay th\u0103m quan<\/b><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, “tham quan” hay “th\u0103m quan” gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xen l\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4i \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “tham quan”. Th\u1eed ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ra nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb “th\u0103m quan”<\/b>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb “th\u0103m” – \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, h\u1ecfi han (\u0111i th\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m) hay xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh (th\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp)\u2026 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb “quan” \u2013 quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Trong khi t\u1eeb\u00a0“tham quan”<\/b>\u00a0(\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb) – theo g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n th\u00ec “tham” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o; “quan” l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn. Do \u0111\u00f3, “tham quan” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb “tham quan” (danh t\u1eeb) ch\u1ec9 vi\u00ean quan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tham lam. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, t\u1eeb “tham quan” m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

10. S\u00e1t nh\u1eadp hay s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb “s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp” hay “s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp” m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sao? S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a 2 t\u1eeb “s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp” v\u00e0 “s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp” n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb “s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp” \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i lai. Trong \u0111\u00f3, “S\u00e1p” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o, c\u00e0i v\u00e0o; c\u00f2n “Nh\u1eadp” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o, tham gia v\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady,\u00a0“s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp”<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp chung l\u1ea1i, g\u1ed9p chung l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u00e1p nh\u1eadp ba x\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t\/ C\u00f4ng ty A s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ty B). V\u1edbi t\u1eeb\u00a0“s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp”<\/b>, t\u1eeb “s\u00e1t” l\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u00e2m, bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb “s\u00e1p” m\u00e0 ra. T\u1eeb “s\u00e1t” trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1i sinh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb “s\u00e1p”.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o, c\u00e0i v\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 li\u1ec1n ngay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, x\u00edch g\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai t\u1eeb “s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp” v\u00e0 “s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp” y nh\u01b0 nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai t\u1eeb “s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp” v\u00e0 “s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp” v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1eadn \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m Khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef – tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nhau b\u1edfi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb “s\u00e1t” \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, c\u00f2n “s\u00e1p” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o, c\u00e0i v\u00e0o; n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung, ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb “s\u00e1p” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y chia s\u1ebb th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n hay nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn qua b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

\n

* B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/i><\/p>\n

1.\u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh (2005), H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, Nxb. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 Th\u00f4ng tin, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/i><\/p>\n

2.Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean) (2000), T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, Nxb. \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Source: 10 c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb ai c\u0169ng hay b\u1ecb ‘l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n’ trong Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00e1m c\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng sai r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft! \u0110i kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y, th\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u00a0Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[123],"tags":[643,644],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8jhJx-dK","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=852"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/852\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/short\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}