\u200bGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/b>
\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 gi\u00fap th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y mai. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 “h\u00f4m nay” kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi “ng\u00e0y mai.”
\nCh\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb em s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng? C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.
\nCh\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho tr\u1ebb em c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai – m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi.
\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0: Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u1ea1y g\u00ec? N\u00ea\u0300n ta\u0309ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i hay l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?
\nR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.
\nM\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Khi tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.
\nCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\n1) \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong khi thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i.
\n2) \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 \u0111ang l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\n3) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ra m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy logic t\u1ed1t.
\nNh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng chung n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a N. E. Veraksa v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u01b0 duy ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p \u1edf tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb khi tr\u1ebb 7 tu\u1ed5i [11]. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng trong t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.
\nTheo \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1i g\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb \u1edf c\u1ea5p m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m OTSM-TRIZ.
\nS\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m OTSM-TRIZ cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.
\nC\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m OTSM-TRIZ bao g\u1ed3m:
\n– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh \u00ec t\u00e2m ly\u0301 (RTV).
\n– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (OTSM).
\n– M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4\u0323t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (TRTL).
\nHi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m OTSM-TRIZ n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo OTSM-TRIZ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a T.A. Sidorchuk [72], b\u1edfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m TRIZ v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tro\u0323n \u0111\u01a1\u0300i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OTSM-TRIZ \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean bang Nga v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a B\u00ealarut (xem ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).
\nTrong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 – t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m – gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m” (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OTSM ENV). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u1edf tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 (bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3), thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m “n\u01a1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra”, v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed bay ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian. Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m “nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch” c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chu \u0111\u00e1o th\u00ec li\u1ec7u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?
\n\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1edf tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb OTSM-TRIZ (xem Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c).<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, sau khi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.
\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 duy, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1edf tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (OTSM-TRIZ).<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i U’lianovsk #1 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Minsk c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m qu\u1ed1c gia Belarus M. Tank, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m OTSM-TRIZ trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non \u1edf Nga, Belarus v\u00e0 Ukraine.
\nC\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n
– Trung t\u00e2m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u #242 “Sadko.”<\/p>\n
– C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non # 178 “\u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y nh\u1ecf” v\u00e0 # 141 “Tia l\u1eeda” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ul’ianovsk.<\/p>\n
– Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non #277 “Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u00e0ng” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Samara; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng #4 “\u0110om \u0111\u00f3m” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Trekhgornyj \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Chelyabinsk; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non #4 “N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Cherepovets; C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non #147 “C\u00e2y th\u00f4ng” v\u00e0 #167 “Thung l\u0169ng” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tol’iatti; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non #7 “C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Niagan (qu\u1eadn Hanty-Mansiiski); Tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ea7m non #1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Sevastopol; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non #75 “Alice” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Dimitrovgrad \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Ul’ianovsk; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non #23 “Alenushka” c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Zhigulevsk \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Samara; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non #464 “Chu\u00f4ng xanh”, #519, v\u00e0 #535 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Minsk.
\nC\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c “Jonathan Livingston”. N. N. Khomenko, TRIZ Master v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ed1c gia, Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg, Ph\u00e1p), l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.
\nCh\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i #1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ul’ianovsk v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m qu\u1ed1c gia Belarus M. Tank, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Minsk, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 T. V. Dushen’kina, T. V. Ashlapova, A. B. Kuznetsova (Ul’ianovsk), T. I. Brazovska, S. S. Medushevska, v\u00e0 V. S. Kharitonova (Minsk) v\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 OTSM-TRIZ-RTV cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nCh\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng g\u1eedi l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn A. V. Voronov, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn O. P. Zhihar v\u00e0 I. A. Narkevich, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Minsk v\u00e0 qu\u1eadn Minsk, \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn OTSM-TRIZ v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea7m non v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi.
\nC\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, M. S. Gafitulin (Zhukovski), L. A. Grigorovitsch (Moscow), S. V. Efremov (Ryazan), N. M. Zhuravlev (Tol’iatti), S. V. Kishko (Minsk), S. V. Leliukh (Samara), A. A. Nesterenko (Petrozavodsk), I. N. Murashkovska (Elgava), N. N. Tiatiushkina (Minsk), v\u00e0 N. N. Khomenko (Toronto), v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.
\nXin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh V. G. Berezina, L. A. Kozhevnikova v\u00e0 V. I. Avdevich (Chelyabinsk) \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u TRIZ.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh – Vi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u200bGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 gi\u00fap th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y mai. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, … Continue reading “D\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch Thoughtivity for Kids, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[128,30,1,129],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxfGB-4J","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=293"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":313,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/293\/revisions\/313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}