<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\nM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o) ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i (t\u1eeb m\u1edbi sinh \u0111\u1ebfn 8 tu\u1ed5i), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb “gi\u1eef” v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau \u0111\u00e2y cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean:
\n– h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t;
\n– h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c;
\n– ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao.<\/p>\n
2. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t) ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn).<\/p>\n
Khi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau:
\n– t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o;<\/p>\n
– m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
3. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o:
\nC\u1ea5p 1: t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5p 2: T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ebb l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau (truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn, s\u00e1ch, v.v.)<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5p 3: T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau:<\/p>\n
– t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 ba, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
– m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau;<\/p>\n
– t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb quan s\u00e1t l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft;<\/p>\n
– t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan.<\/p>\n
4. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng (ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi ti\u1ebft (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang).<\/p>\n
Khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean:
\n– t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng;<\/p>\n
– ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft cao (H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m).<\/p>\n
5. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.
\nLi\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean:<\/p>\n
– t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m (t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho tr\u1ebb em l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t);<\/p>\n
– t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i \u1edf tr\u1ebb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
6. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 khoan dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb:<\/p>\n
– t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng “v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp” an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe nhau, vui m\u1eebng v\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 th\u1eed c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh .<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a G.S. Altshuller v\u00e0 M.S. Gafitulin.<\/p>\n
Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em theo m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
QUY T\u1eaeC 1
\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c trong nh\u00f3m, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Michaela, Bailey v\u00e0 Jayden (tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 5-8), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ea3 Bailey v\u00e0 Jayden \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh. Micheala m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ng\u1ea7m di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo b\u1ed1n ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:
\n– t\u00ednh m\u1edbi;
\n– kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y;
\n– t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi;
\n– gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed7i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc 2, 3, 4, 5 sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
QUY T\u1eaeC 2<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 sau:<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, v.v.)<\/p>\n
Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 “Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y” – \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai: Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, chi ti\u1ebft (ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh con g\u1ea5u). v.v.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 ba: Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nB\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “gi\u1ea5u” trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c TV); ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n (m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 cho ki\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ong).<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nNg\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh).<\/p>\n
QUY T\u1eaeC 3<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n
M\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v.v.) ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n
M\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai: \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ai ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
QUY T\u1eaeC 4<\/p>\n
Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh do tr\u1ebb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. <\/span><\/span>[Ghi ch\u00fa: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u]<\/p>\n QUY T\u1eaeC 5<\/p>\n Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n Khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng (gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Fionna nghe nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1o x\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t khi gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i ch\u00fang … “); khi \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 “nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u0129a l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng”, tr\u1ebb d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n QUY T\u1eaeC 6<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (“C\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec”).<\/p>\n C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd – s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 70 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh \u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo ki\u1ec3u sau:<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n – Thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m (tham s\u1ed1, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 cho: 3. Con m\u00e8o (object) – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u00f2n (bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng) – con m\u00e8o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi – “m\u00e8o t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u”).<\/p>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 “ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o” m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n – m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p;<\/p>\n – m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y;<\/p>\n – c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o;<\/p>\n – nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho tr\u1ebb em \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau; – tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 cho.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, g\u1ed3m: Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00fd do \/ ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, quy tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n —<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i di\u0323ch chi\u0301nh: Nguy\u00ea\u0303n Tha\u0300nh Ti\u00ea\u0301n<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ph\u1ea7n 1 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N TR\u00cd T\u01af\u1edeNG T\u01af\u1ee2NG \u1ede TR\u1eba M\u1eaaU GI\u00c1O T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c … Continue reading “D\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch Thoughtivity for Kids, ph\u1ea7n 1: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (trang 5-10)”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[128,30,129],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxfGB-4L","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=295"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":371,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295\/revisions\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n1. Con m\u00e8o (object) – n\u00f3i (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o) – m\u00e8o bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi);
\n2. Con m\u00e8o (object) – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u (\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf) – con m\u00e8o trong su\u1ed1t (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi);<\/p>\n
\n– k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i;<\/p>\n