M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Lulio, v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930s nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 F. Zwicky \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i”.
\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Lulio, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo hai chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngang.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
\nTr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1c ho\u1ea1) v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u1edf t\u1eebng \u00f4 gi\u1eefa lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Sau khi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ecf, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, \u0111u\u00f4i c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n h\u01b0\u01a1u cao c\u1ed5. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau.
\nC\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
(B\u1ea2NG) \u0110\u1ea7u Th\u00e2n \u0110u\u00f4i<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecf<\/p>\n
H\u01b0\u01a1u cao c\u1ed5<\/p>\n
C\u00e1o<\/p>\n
C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u<\/p>\n
M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch
\n– H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf tr\u1ebb em m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.
\n– T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\n– D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc
\n1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
2. \u0110i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngang (lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh tu\u1ef3 theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nTr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (nh\u01b0 con ch\u00f3, b\u00f4ng hoa, chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf, c\u00e1i \u00f4).<\/p>\n
tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 (l\u1eeda, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t).
\n3. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1edf h\u00e0ng ngang v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i).<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 (ho\u1eb7c b\u00f4ng hoa, chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf, c\u00e1i \u00f4) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1eeda (ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea5t).
\n4. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1eeda, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea5t).
\n5. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n6. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nT\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00f4ng hoa, ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Chi\u1ebfc Gh\u1ebf v\u00e0 C\u00e1i \u00d4 du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.
\nX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc cho Tr\u1ebb em \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau
\nV\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ba tu\u1ed5i, bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf “Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Phe\u0301p thu\u1eadt” v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh theo chi\u1ec1u ngang (h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc). Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Phe\u0301p thu\u1eadt (l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng). C\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e2\u0323t, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3) ho\u0103\u0323c c\u00e1c v\u00e2\u0323t th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\nV\u1edbi tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng cu\u0309a “Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Phe\u0301p thu\u1eadt” l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t (v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 (ho\u1eb7c) nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong ng\u00e0y, m\u00f9a, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.
\nTr\u1ebb t\u1eeb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c minh ho\u0323a b\u01a1\u0309i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean hai chi\u1ec1u.
\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn (la\u0300 tha\u0300nh ph\u00e2\u0300n cu\u0309a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p “n\u00e3o c\u00f4ng” – brainstorming).
\nS\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch (V. J. Propp “H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch”, 1928).
\nN\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung (nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, c\u1eaft d\u00e1n, ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, v.v.).
\nK\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 MONG \u0110\u1ee2I
\nTr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.
\nX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau). M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i & B\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o
\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: (d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb 4-5 tu\u1ed5i)
\nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc cho m\u00ecnh
\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:
\nGi\u00fap tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00f3i chung. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf cu\u0309a vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng (ch\u1ec9 co\u0301 ma\u0300u \u0111en tr\u1eafng).
\nD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb ngang \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m m\u00e0u (nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng, xanh l\u1ee5c, v.v.)
\nRA: g\u1ecdi t\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft. Cho tr\u1ebb ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng.
\nIA: ch\u00fa g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd du h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean “Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Phe\u0301p thu\u1eadt” c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh ch\u00fa chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 “t\u1ed1t \/ x\u1ea5u”.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i & B\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o
\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: (d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb 4-5 tu\u1ed5i)
\n\u0110i th\u0103m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:
\nGi\u00fap tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n
D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5:
\nTheo chi\u1ec1u ngang \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, nam vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea5t, hoa h\u1ed3ng, c\u00e2y x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3ng).
\nTr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (\u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, v\u01b0\u1eddn, sa m\u1ea1c).
\nRA: ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ra n\u01a1i n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng (m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng m\u1ecdc trong v\u01b0\u1eddn), gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao.
\nIA: ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ebb n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i sao lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ee5i nam vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc do c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i & B\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o
\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: (d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb 4-5 tu\u1ed5i)
\nChuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc
\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:
\nD\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc. S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
\nD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5:
\nTr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u ngang \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v.v.). Tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc c\u00f3 hai ho\u1eb7c ba \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3, chim s\u1ebb).
\nRA: xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 ch\u1ea1y theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 chim s\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ng\u00e0y.
\nIA: s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa Chim s\u1ebb b\u00e9 xinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n T\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i di\u0323ch chi\u0301nh: Nguy\u00ea\u0303n Th\u00ea\u0301 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u1ee4C 2 PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH H\u00ccNH TH\u00c1I M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Lulio, v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930s nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 F. Zwicky \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i”. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Lulio, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 … Continue reading “D\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch Thoughtivity for Kids, ph\u1ea7n 1, m\u1ee5c 2: Ph\u00e2n ti\u0301ch hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i (trang 17-20)”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[128,30,1,129],"tags":[144,143],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxfGB-4W","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=306"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions\/312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}