5.4. K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT “T\u00cdCH C\u1ef0C H\u00d3A – \u0110\u1ee8NG Y\u00caN”<\/p>\n
M\u00d4 T\u1ea2 K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT<\/p>\n
Khi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u00f3a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 tri v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Khi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 tri v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u00f3a – \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
1. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n
2. M\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt t\u0129nh bi\u1ebft di chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\nPh\u00e9p thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u00f3a ch\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00f4ng gian xung quanh ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng). V\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (m\u1eaft, m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c t\u00f3c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda ch\u00fang).<\/p>\n
3. M\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh t\u0129nh v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u0129nh \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch l\u1ed3ng chim n\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean?<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n? Ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o tay cu\u0309a ba\u0323n? Ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n
4. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh khi hai ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1? Ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 b\u01a1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9 trong b\u1ec3 c\u00e1? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c trong nh\u00e0 tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng? v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
5. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau cho ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
KHUY\u1ebeN NGH\u1eca CHO VI\u1ec6C X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C BU\u1ed4I H\u1eccC\/CH\u01a0I CHO TR\u1eba EM \u1ede C\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8 TU\u1ed4I KH\u00c1C NHAU<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em 3-4 tu\u1ed5i, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean.
\nGi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, v.v…<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o con chim trong l\u1ed3ng. H\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea3y, h\u00e1t, m\u1ed5 h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao? Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean m\u1eddi ai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u0129nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i n\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u00f3a gh\u00e9 th\u0103m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam nay?<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi g\u00f3c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean gh\u00e9 th\u0103m?<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00f2i? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n
Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdc m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o, tr\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u00f3a – \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean \u1ea9n trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng (g\u1ed7 s\u1ed1ng – Pinocchio; tuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng – n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Andersen; kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng – ng\u1ef1a s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng; c\u1ecdng r\u01a1m s\u1ed1ng – qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng r\u01a1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng ng\u1ed1c Ivan; t\u00f3c s\u1ed1ng – ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eafn Medusa; g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng – trong B\u1ea1ch Tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ch\u00fa l\u00f9n; \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c s\u1ed1ng – trong “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1t v\u1eadt” c\u1ee7a Disney, v.v.).<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u0129nh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p ng\u1ee7 trong r\u1eebng; gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Rip van Winkle; ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eafn Medusa nh\u00ecn h\u1ecd; ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh H\u00f2n v\u1ecdng phu, v.v.<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u0129nh trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u: Gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7n (n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam sinh l\u1ef1c, khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Lethe khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00ean \u0111i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i; c\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n, v.v.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 MONG \u0110\u1ee2I<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0129nh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang t\u00f9y theo b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u00f3a – \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean), c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
5.5. K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT “CHUY\u00caN M\u00d4N H\u00d3A – \u0110A N\u0102NG H\u00d3A”<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi hai ph\u00e1p s\u01b0: Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i-L\u00e0m-\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c-T\u1ea5t (\u0111a n\u0103ng h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i-Ch\u1ec9-C\u00f3-Th\u1ec3 (chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a).<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111a n\u0103ng h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
1. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ec3 t\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng (c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p, v.v.).
\nSi\u00eau th\u1ecb, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1ch h\u00f3a, trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
2. M\u1eddi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i L\u00e0m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:
\n– m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i;<\/p>\n
– kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tay v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi).
\nKhi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i L\u00e0m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ea5t ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o kh\u0103n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9: b\u1ee5i t\u1eeb s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, r\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3, m\u1ee1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ea3o r\u00e1n, v.v. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafp l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p qu\u1eb9t.
\nM\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u00ec? m\u00e0u? k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc? k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u? v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh?… Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111a n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
3. M\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3:<\/p>\n
– s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian;<\/p>\n
– s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian;<\/p>\n
– s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong;<\/p>\n
– s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i kh\u0103n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fac 6:30 s\u00e1ng (h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tay, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m ba l\u1ea7n). Chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kh\u0103n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
4. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung.
\n– N\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i L\u00e0m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c T\u00f4i Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o;<\/p>\n
– V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 comple) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 comple) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a n\u0103ng – ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c khi th\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee7, v.v.;<\/p>\n
– Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111a n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, cho \u0103n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed cho ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3);<\/p>\n
– T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: “T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y …” (tr\u1ebb ch\u1ecdn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1). Sau \u0111\u00f3, ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y …” (th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed5 sung, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0o).<\/p>\n
KHUY\u1ebeN NGH\u1eca CHO VI\u1ec6C X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C BU\u1ed4I H\u1eccC\/CH\u01a0I CHO TR\u1eba EM \u1ede C\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8 TU\u1ed4I KH\u00c1C NHAU<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a – \u0110a n\u0103ng h\u00f3a, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (trong ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi) c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ba tu\u1ed5i r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n r\u01b0\u1ee1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb b\u1ed1n tu\u1ed5i r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i r\u01b0\u1ee1i, m\u1eddi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i L\u00e0m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ea5t v\u00e0 T\u00f4i Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Khi h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1:<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n gh\u1ebf, sau khi g\u1eb7p Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3, tr\u1edf n\u00ean chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ba k\u00fd l\u00f4.
\nM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean n\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng bao nhi\u00eau? M\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u00edt h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? C\u00f2n con v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?
\nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gh\u1ebf v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng?<\/p>\n
Ch\u00e2n gh\u1ebf v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng (v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \/ x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n gh\u1ebf \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2:<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00f4i L\u00e0m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ea5t v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o?
\n(B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0103n, ng\u1ee7, d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u1edbi).<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe \u00f4 t\u00f4, du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, may qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, v.v … Ai n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ho\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t? Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa…<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1: c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “\u0111a n\u0103ng – chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t”, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch;
\nv\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7c, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111a n\u0103ng h\u00f3a – chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
\u0110a n\u0103ng: C\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n, Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n, B\u00e0 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u. Gandalf (trong truy\u1ec7n The Hobbit v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn), v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a: Gi\u00e0y b\u1ea3y d\u1eb7m, Th\u1ea3m th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, G\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n, v.v. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang?<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111a n\u0103ng. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111a n\u0103ng. S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \/ nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 MONG \u0110\u1ee2I<\/p>\n
X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung (c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt). Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0a ra vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
5.6. K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT “\u0110\u1ea2O NG\u01af\u1ee2C”<\/p>\n
M\u00d4 T\u1ea2 K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
1. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam? (n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? (n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi). Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00ec? (n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? (n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i). Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (\u1ea5m c\u00fang, \u1ea5m \u00e1p). T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m ra ch\u00fang? (\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0m h\u1ecd \u1ea5m, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean)…<\/p>\n
2. M\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Sau khi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (t\u1ed1i, \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng? Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00ec? (ng\u1eafn, g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh, r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n khi di chuy\u1ec3n). N\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd ra xa h\u01a1n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo, kh\u00f4ng vui v\u1ebb. \u1ede trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, kh\u00f3 ng\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ngay khi m\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u01a1i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf!
\nT\u1ea1i sao? (b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng che, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i m\u1edf ra \u0111\u00f3n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u).<\/p>\n
3. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n ra xa n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn? B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u n\u1ebfu m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 m\u1edf ra?<\/p>\n
4. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc “\u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”.<\/p>\n
KHUY\u1ebeN NGH\u1eca CHO VI\u1ec6C X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C BU\u1ed4I H\u1eccC\/CH\u01a0I CHO TR\u1eba EM \u1ede C\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8 TU\u1ed4I KH\u00c1C NHAU<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 “T\u1ed1t \/ X\u1ea5u”, “Thay th\u1ebf”, “\u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”, v.v., b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1eddi v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nCh\u01a1i c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0: “C\u00f4 s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. C\u00f4 mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c em c\u1edfi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng” (nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3, sau khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 tr\u01b0a). Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n
Trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu c\u00e2u ch\u1eef v\u00e0o – l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau? Khi tu\u1ed5i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0? Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh cho cha m\u1eb9, khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3?)
\nPh\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9 th\u0103m ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb (tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang \u0103n, d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u, v.v.).<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, c\u1ea7n cho tr\u1ebb em c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i – h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?
\n(\u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u00ed m\u1eadt)<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i – n\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ra. C\u00e1i gh\u1ebf – m\u00e1y ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh; v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano chuy\u00ean b\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u00e2m thanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i r\u01b0\u1ee1i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 t\u00edch. Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch quen thu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u1ebb k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong truy\u1ec7n “Alice \u1edf x\u1ee9 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean”, “Alice \u1edf x\u1ee9 s\u1edf trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng” c\u1ee7a L. Carroll, v.v.
\nC\u00f4 b\u00e9 qu\u00e0ng kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ecf t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng, ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111i th\u0103m v\u00e0 mang qu\u00e0 cho b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? C\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi con s\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 ra chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n? Ai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i truy\u1ec7n C\u00f4 b\u00e9 qu\u00e0ng kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ecf?<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em sau khi l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
V\u1ebd c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf – m\u00e1y ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khoan dung.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eafng, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec sao?
\nD\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (g\u1ed7, Lego) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc “\u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 MONG \u0110\u1ee2I<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m (v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh: Do\u00e3n Minh \u0110\u0103ng<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 5.4. K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT “T\u00cdCH C\u1ef0C H\u00d3A – \u0110\u1ee8NG Y\u00caN” M\u00d4 T\u1ea2 K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT Khi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u00f3a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 tri v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Khi Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9ng Y\u00ean h\u00e0nh … Continue reading “D\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch Thoughtivity for Kids, ph\u1ea7n 1, m\u1ee5c 5: C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 5.4. T\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u00f3a – \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, 5.5. Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a – \u0111a n\u0103ng h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 5.6. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (trang 40-46)”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[128,30,129],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxfGB-5G","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":362,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352\/revisions\/362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/triz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}